Biosurfactants (BS) are a structurally diverse group of surface-active substances produced by microorganisms. Interest inBS production has markedly increased during the past decade, although large-scale production has not been possible because oflow production yields and high total costs. At present, BS have gained importance in environmental applications, while newapplications in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic and foodindustry, with a high added value, are still developing. This article describes classical and new BS producer bacteria together withtheir new BS applications. With these specialized and costeffectiveapplications, BS can be considered as an interesting option for the near future.