http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/6 www.upf.edu Tue, 21 May 2013 20:31:16 GMT 2013-05-21T20:31:16Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/bitstream/id/66322/ http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/6 http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/211447 Recognition and political accommodation: from regionalism to secessionism. The Catalan case Requejo, Ferran, 1951-; Sanjaume Calvet, Marc Having lived through a bloody civil war in the 1930s followed by four decades of General Franco’s dictatorship, the Spanish state carried out a transition to a democratic system at the end of the 1970s. The 1978 Constitution was the legal outcome of this transition process. Among other things, it established a territorial model – the so-called “Estado de las Autonomías” (State of Autonomous Communities) – which was designed to satisfy the historical demands for recognition and self-government of, above all, the citizens and institutions of Catalonia and the Basque Country . In recent years support for independence has increased in Catalonia. Different indicators show that pro-independence demands are endorsed by a majority of its citizens, as well as by most of the political parties and organizations that represent its civil society. This is a new phenomenon. Those in favour of independence had been in the minority throughout the 20th century. Nowadays, however, demands of a pro-autonomy and pro-federalist nature, which until recently had been dominant, have gradually lost public support in favour of demands for self-determination and secession. This paper analyses the massive increase in support for secession in Catalonia during the early years of the 21st century. After describing the different theories of secession in plurinational liberal democracies (section 1), we analyse Catalonia’s political evolution over the past decade focusing on the shortcomings with regard to constitutional recognition and accommodation displayed by the Spanish political system. The latter have been exacerbated by the reform process of Catalonia’s Statute of Autonomy (2006) and the subsequent judgement of Spain’s Constitutional Court regarding the aforementioned Statute (2010) (section 2). Finally, we present our conclusions by linking the Catalan case with theories of secession applied to plurinational contexts Wed, 01 May 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/211447 2013-05-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/211297 Social capital and cognitive attainment Rodríguez Menés, Jorge; Donato, Luisa We review the different meanings that researchers have given to the concept of social capital, differentiate four types – bridging, bonding, linking, and overheads –, and discuss their different functions as public, club, and common goods. For each form of social capital we distinguish its productivity (a collective characteristic) from the factors that account for individual’s differential access to its returns, and propose alternative ways for measuring each. We show the utility of our theoretical and measuring approach by analyzing the impact of the each form of social capital on 15 year-old students’ cognitive attainment across OECD countries, using 2006 PISA data. The results show that students’ cognitive attainments are a direct function of the richness or productivity of each form of social capital and of students’ degree of access to each. Wed, 01 May 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/211297 2013-05-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/211020 Selección automática de imágenes. Photo- Storytelling Alcoceba Hornos, Iván En este proyecto se estudia como generar un resumen de una colección de fotografías seleccionándolas automáticamente. Se construye un sistema capaz de permitir a un usuario subir una colección de imágenes a una plataforma web, que estás sean procesadas y posteriormente darle la opción de generar un resumen automático de su colección personal. Realizar la selección automática de imágenes es una tarea muy compleja debido a todos los factores a tener en cuenta a la hora de escogerlas. Eventos temporales, estética de las imágenes, personajes que deben o no aparecer en la selección son algunos de los factores importantes y que hay que tener muy en cuenta a la hora de realizar la selección automática. En este proyecto veremos cómo se ha construido el sistema, cómo se ha implementado el algoritmo de selección automática y las mejoras que se han llevado a cabo para mejorarlo en precisión y tiempo de ejecución. Para la evaluación del algoritmo implementado se han realizado pruebas con usuarios que nos han permitido detectar algunos de los problemas del algoritmo. Finalmente, se presentan las conclusiones y el trabajo futuro. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/211020 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/210871 Predictors of political orientation among US-born Mexican Americans: cultural identification, acculturation attitudes and socioeconomic status Naumann, Laura P.; Benet-Martínez, Verònica; Espinoza, Penelope With each passing election, U.S. political campaigns have renewed their efforts in courting the “Latino vote,” yet the Latino population is not a culturally homogenous voting bloc. This study examined how cultural identifications and acculturation attitudes in U.S. born Mexican Americans interacted with socioeconomic status (SES) to predict political orientation. Individuals who held stronger Mexican identity and supported biculturalism as an acculturation strategy had a more liberal orientation, while belonging to a higher SES group and holding stronger assimilation attitudes predicted a less liberal orientation. Mexican cultural identification interacted with SES such that those who held a weaker Mexican identity, but came from a higher social class were less liberal and more moderate in their political orientation. Weak Mexican identification and higher SES also predicted weaker endorsement of bicultural acculturation attitudes, which in turn, mediated the differences in political orientation. The acceptance of one’s ethnic identity and endorsement of bicultural attitudes predicted a more liberal political orientation. In light of these findings, political candidates should be cautious in how they pander to Latino constituents—referencing the groups’ ethnic culture or customs may distance constituents who are not strongly identified with their ethnic culture. Tue, 07 May 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/210871 2013-05-07T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/210417 Philippe Garrel: Gramàtica de la llum i de l’ombra Santamaria i Varas, Diana En el següent estudi s’analitza en profunditat el cinema de Philippe Garrel a través dels paràmetres fotogràfics de la seva obra. Centrat fonamentalment en les primeres pel∙lícules de la seva trajectòria underground –de Le Révélateur (1968) a L’Enfant secret (1979)‐ aquesta recerca s’articula al voltant de la repercussió simbòlica, plàstica i narrativa dels usos lumínics, definits com la gramàtica de la llum i de l’ombra. La memòria presenta, en primer lloc, la llum com a essència reveladora, abordant el paradigma solar, les fonts de llum artificials –els canelobres i les làmpades‐ i la plasticitat blanca derivada d’una sobreexposició lluminosa. En segon lloc, s’introdueix el rol de la ombra com a contrapunt fotogràfic de natura englotidora per, finalment, exposar la dualitat visual interactiva del blanc i negre així com la dimensió física de la matèria pel∙licular. Sat, 01 Sep 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/210417 2012-09-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/210195 La evaluación de la creatividad publicitaria en el ámbito docente. Análisis teórico y proyecto de investigación Gil González, Nacho La docencia de la creatividad publicitaria convive con diversas contradicciones y vacíos. Si esto es propio de cualquier materia de estudio, aquí se suma el peculiar curso científico tanto de la creatividad como de la publicidad, dos fenómenos de descomunal repercusión social, cultural y económica, aparentemente asequibles, pero en gran medida desconocidos. El presente trabajo indaga en la posibilidad de sistematizar la evaluación de la creatividad publicitaria y estima el valor docente de dicha sistematización. En una primera fase se exploran los ámbitos de referencia que afectan al tópico, así como las conexiones que establecen entre ellos, en la esfera académica y profesional. A continuación se orientan y discuten los hallazgos de la prospección, se formula una hipótesis y se diseña una investigación que conduzca a validarla o refutarla.; The teaching of advertising creativity deals with several contradictions and gaps. While these difficulties are common to any knowledge area, here the particular scientific development of creativity and advertising must be added, as phenomena of enormous social, cultural and economic impact, seemingly accessible, but largely unknown. This paper investigates the chance for a systematic evaluation of advertising creativity and considers the educational prospects of such systematization. It starts by exploring the benchmark areas related to the topic, as well as the connections established between them, in the academic and professional fields. Then, it presents an orientation and discussion of the survey findings, the formulation of an hypothesis, and a research design that must lead to either its validation or refutation. Sun, 01 Jul 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/210195 2012-07-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/210126 La construcción del espacio dramático en la ficción televisiva norteamericana. Análisis del espacio vivencial en las series dramáticas de la HBO Martos Ortiz, Aitor El presente trabajo analiza la construcción del espacio vivencial en cinco series televisivas producidas por la cadena norteamericana HBO: Carnivàle, Deadwood, The Sopranos, The Wire y Treme. La investigación parte de la convicción de una posible reelaboración de la historia del espacio doméstico norteamericano a través de la puesta en escena y de la potencialidad simbólica del espacio serial. De este modo, el trabajo propone un recorrido hermenéutico en el que se analiza la evolución del espacio narrativo, su evolución morfológica en dependencia de las necesidades diegéticas de cada una de las obras analizadas. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/210126 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/209843 La percepció per part de l’alumnat del caràcter motivador d’un entorn virtual en l’aprenentatge d’una llengua estrangera Mellado Blanes, Ester Aquest treball presenta una proposta d’investigació mitjançant la qual es pretendrà analitzar com percep l’aprenent la incidència de l’ús de les eines comunicatives de l’entorn virtual en la motivació envers l’aprenentatge d’una llengua estrangera. L’objectiu del projecte d’investigació serà indagar com l’alumnat es relaciona amb l’ús d’eines de comunicació de l’entorn virtual com a recurs en l’aprenentatge de l’anglès i com percep el grau en que aquestes estimulen el seu interès en adquirir la llengua. Aquesta indagació es durà a terme mitjançant una investigació bàsicament qualitativa. Els resultats seran extrets a partir de dos grups de subjectes, que expressaran la seva pròpia percepció del caràcter motivador de les eines de comunicació de l’entorn virtual. A partir de l’anàlisi i comparació dels resultats, s’inferirà quins estímuls resulten incitadors per a l’estudiant, i si aquests estan relacionats amb les eines comunicatives de l’entorn virtual; o, al contrari, si en són independents.; This work presents a research proposal which will be aimed at analyzing how the learner perceives the impact of using communication tools of the virtual environment on motivation towards foreign language learning. The main objective is to inquire how the students refer to the use of communication tools of the virtual environment as a resource in the learning of English and how they perceive the level in which these tools stimulate their interest in language acquisition. This inquiry will be conducted basically through qualitative research. The results will be drawn from two groups of subjects, who will express their own perception of the motivational nature of communication tools of the virtual environment. From the analysis and comparison of results it will be deducted which stimuli are inviting to the student, and if these are related to the communication tools of the virtual environment, or, conversely, if they are independent. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/209843 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208017 Decisiones de empleo y cuidado en parejas de dos ingresos en España Abril, Paco ¿Hasta qué punto se preparan las parejas jóvenes en España para una parentalidad corresponsable? Los estudios muestran que gran parte de las desigualdades de género en las sociedades occidentales emergen y se recrudecen durante la primera maternidad/paternidad. En España existe un gran vacío en estudios que analicen la toma de decisiones y las justificaciones de los miembros de la pareja en sus decisiones sobre el cuidado de su primogénito. Esta investigación viene a suplir esta laguna en la literatura mediante un estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas en profundidad realizadas a 136 hombres y mujeres activos (ocupados y desempleados) que esperaban su primer hijo en el año 2011. La investigación indaga sobre las justificaciones repecto a quién y cuánto tiempo disfrutará de licencias parentales o reducciones de jornada laboral, los ideales de cuidado, los planes de implicación del padre y la madre y el significado de una "buena" maternidad y paternidad. El estudio muestra que gran parte de las parejas aspiran a mantener el empleo de ambos miembros tras el parto y que, por tanto, el modelo de familia basado en dos sustentadores está ampliamente arraigado en el imaginario cultural de estas parejas. Sin embargo, en el caso de prever dificultades en la conciliación del empleo y el cuidado - situación bastante frecuente en el contexto español - las mujeres continúan mostrando una mayor predisposición a adaptar su empleo a las necesidades de la maternidad, mientras que solo una pequeña parte de los hombres entrevistados parecen dispuestos a asumir ajustes laborales importantes para atender a sus hijos y acercarse al ideal de la paternidad corresponsable. Fri, 01 Mar 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208017 2013-03-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208015 Money doctors Nicola Gennaioli; Andrei Shleifer; Robert Vishny We present a new model of money management, in which investors delegate portfolio management to professionals based not only on performance, but also on trust. Trust in the manager reduces an investor's perception of the riskiness of a given investment, and allows managers to charge higher fees to investors who trust them more. Money managers compete for investor funds by setting their fees, but because of trust the fees do not fall to costs. In the model, 1) managers consistently underperform the market net of fees but investors still prefer to delegate money management to taking risk on their own, 2) fees involve sharing of expected returns between managers and investors, with higher fees in riskier products, 3) managers pander to investors when investors exhibit biases in their beliefs, and do not correct misperceptions, and 4) despite long run benefits from better performance, the profits from pandering to trusting investors discourage managers from pursuing contrarian strategies relative to the case with no trust. We show how trust-mediated money management renders arbitrage less effective, and may help destabilize financial markets. Fri, 01 Jun 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208015 2012-06-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208014 Married to intolerance: Attitudes towards intermarriage in Germany, 1900-2006 Nico Voigtländer; Joachim Voth Marriage is amongst the biggest decisions in life. In general, there is a tendency towards assortative matching - people marry others who are relatively similar to themselves. Intermarriage between different social, religious and ethnic groups in most societies is relatively rare (Blossfeld and Timm 2003). Where it occurs, it is associated with more rapid assimilation (Meng and Gregory 2005). The frequency of intermarriage can therefore serve as a useful indicator of tolerant attitudes towards a minority, and of the desire to integrate (Bisin, Topa, and Verdier 2004). In this paper, we analyze under which conditions intermarriage can be used as an indicator of tolerance, and whether such tolerant attitudes persisted in Germany during the last century. We combine information on individual-level attitudes from the German social survey (GESIS) with historical data on marriage patterns. Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208014 2012-12-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208013 Entry regulation and intersectoral reallocation Antonio Ciccone; Elias Papaioannou We study how restrictions on firm entry affect intersectoral factor reallocation when open economies experience global economic shocks. In our theoretical framework, countries trade freely in a range of differentiated sectors that are subject to country-specific and global shocks. Entry restrictions are modeled as an upper bound on the introduction of new differentiated goods following shocks. Prices and quantities adjust to clear international goods markets, and wages adjust to clear national labor markets. We show that in general equilibrium, countries with tighter entry restrictions see less factor reallocation compared to the frictionless benchmark. In our empirical work, we compare sectoral employment reallocation across countries in the 1980s and 1990s with proxies for frictionless benchmark reallocation. Our results indicate that the gap between actual and frictionless reallocation is greater in countries where it takes longer to start a firm. Sun, 01 Jun 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208013 2008-06-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208010 Predestination and the Protestant ethic Larbi Alaoui; Alvaro Sandroni This paper shows an equivalence result between the utility functions of secular agents who abide by a moral obligation to accumulate wealth and those of religious agents who believe that salvation is immutable and preordained by God. This result formalizes Weber's renowned thesis on the connection between the worldly asceticism of Protestants and the religious premises of Calvinism. Furthermore, ongoing economies are often modeled with preference relations such as "Keeping up with the Joneses" which are not associated with religion. Our results relate these secular economies of today and economies of the past shaped by religious ideas. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208010 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208012 Spinning welfare: The gains from process innovation in cotton and car production Tim Leunig; Joachim Voth Economists and economic historians want to know how much better life is today than in the past. Fifty years ago economic historians found surprisingly small gains from 19th century US railroads, while more recently economists have found relatively large gains from electricity, computers and cell phones. In each case the implicit or explicit assumption is that researchers were measuring the value of a new good to society. In this paper we use the same techniques to find the value to society of making existing goods cheaper. Henry Ford did not invent the car, and the inventors of mechanised cotton spinning in the industrial revolution invented no new product. But both made existing products dramatically cheaper, bringing them into the reach of many more consumers. That in turn has potentially large welfare effects. We find that the consumer surplus of Henry Ford's production line was around 2% by 1923, 15 years after Ford began to implement the moving assembly line, while the mechanisation of cotton spinning was worth around 6% by 1820, 34 years after its initial invention. Both are large: of the same order of magnitude as consumer expenditure on these items, and as large or larger than the value of the internet to consumers. On the social savings measure traditionally used by economic historians, these process innovations were worth 15% and 18% respectively, making them more important than railroads. Our results remind us that process innovations can be at least as important for welfare and productivity as the invention of new products. Sun, 01 May 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208012 2011-05-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208011 Oil price shocks, income and democracy Marcus Brückner; Antonio Ciccone; Andrea Tesei We examine the effect of oil price fluctuations on democratic institutions over the 1960-2007 period. We also exploit the very persistent response of income to oil price fluctuations to study the effect of persistent (oil price-driven) income shocks on democracy. Our results indicate that countries with greater net oil exports over GDP see improvements in democratic institutions following upturns in international oil prices. We estimate that a 1 percentage point increase in per capita GDP growth due to a positive oil price shock increases the Polity democracy score by around 0.2 percentage points on impact and by around 2 percentage points in the long run. The effect on the probability of a democratic transition is around 0.4 percentage points. Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208011 2011-02-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208008 Time scarcity and the market for news Larbi Alaoui; Fabrizio Germano We develop a general theory of news media. News consumers are time constrained and perform a (possibly subconscious) optimal search, given the amount of time they possess. Their utility functions are general and allow for complementarities over the amount of information they acquire on any given topic. Media outlets are aware of consumers' preferences and constraints, and aim to maximize readership. These outlets observe the news items of the day and decide on a ranking to provide to readers. They cannot falsify or misreport news. In the baseline model readers and outlets are unbiased and fully rational. We then derive basic properties of equilibria on these markets for news. In particular, equilibrium rankings need not be reader-efficient. Even in competitive markets, readers may read more than they would like to; they may read stories distinct from the ones they prefer and on topics that are different from the ones they consider to be important. Next, we derive implications on diverse aspects of new and traditional media. These include a rationale for tabloid news based on complementarities in preferences, a rationale for why readers switch to certain online media platforms as a way to circumvent inefficient rankings found in traditional media, and the derivation of a positive role for public media in restoring reader-efficient standards. Finally, we relate some of our findings to recent stylized facts, and briefly discuss political economy implications of the model. Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208008 2012-12-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208009 A new compact linear programming formulation for choice network revenue management Sumit Kunnumkal; Kalyan Talluri The choice network revenue management model incorporates customer purchase behavior as a function of the offered products, and is the appropriate model for airline and hotel network revenue management, dynamic sales of bundles, and dynamic assortment optimization. The optimization problem is a stochastic dynamic program and is intractable. A certainty-equivalence relaxation of the dynamic program, called the choice deterministic linear program (CDLP) is usually used to generate dyamic controls. Recently, a compact linear programming formulation of this linear program was given for the multi-segment multinomial-logit (MNL) model of customer choice with non-overlapping consideration sets. Our objective is to obtain a tighter bound than this formulation while retaining the appealing properties of a compact linear programming representation. To this end, it is natural to consider the affine relaxation of the dynamic program. We first show that the affine relaxation is NP-complete even for a single-segment MNL model. Nevertheless, by analyzing the affine relaxation we derive a new compact linear program that approximates the dynamic programming value function better than CDLP, provably between the CDLP value and the affine relaxation, and often coming close to the latter in our numerical experiments. When the segment consideration sets overlap, we show that some strong equalities called product cuts developed for the CDLP remain valid for our new formulation. Finally we perform extensive numerical comparisons on the various bounds to evaluate their performance. Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208009 2012-12-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208007 On the goodness of fit of Kirk's formula for spread option prices Elisa Alòs; Jorge A. León In this paper we investigate the goodness of fit of the Kirk's approximation formula for spread option prices in the correlated lognormal framework. Towards this end, we use the Malliavin calculus techniques to find an expression for the short-time implied volatility skew of options with random strikes. In particular, we obtain that this skew is very pronounced in the case of spread options with extremely high correlations, which cannot be reproduced by a constant volatility approximation as in the Kirk's formula. This fact agrees with the empirical evidence. Numerical examples are given. Thu, 01 Nov 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208007 2012-11-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/207059 Handbook for the design of intercultural policies: summary of the original Spanish version Zapata Barrero, Ricard; Pinyol Jiménez, Gemma Local governments need minimum common criteria to manage the social dynamics of diversity. This Handbook defends the strategy of interculturality as a public political approach, based on a way to interpret interculturality as a positive resource, as a public cultural and a collective good. It is an approach that promotes the equitative interaction as a way to generate a cohesive common public space. This Handbook provides the reader with the conceptual and practical instruments to help (and inspire) those territories which would like to integrate interculturality as an urban project. It aims to serve as a ground for discussion to jointly work in local administrations and other government levels, for organizations and institutions, as well as for cultural, political and citizens collectives. Results are presented as an action by the Red de Ciudades Interculturales (RECI), within the Intercultural Cities framework by the Council of Europe, with the collaboration of Obra Social "La Caixa". Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/207059 2013-02-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/206344 La representació fílmica de la intimitat Gardela, Isabel Aquest treball versa sobre la intimitat i el cinema. S'estructura en tres actes. En el primer, explico la meva experiència com a directora d'una pel·lícula que protagonitzo i que vaig censurar per massa impúdica. En el segon, reflexiono sobre les pel·lícules autobiogràfiques i el concepte d'intimitat, per plantejar alguns dels dilemes sobre la seva representació fílmica. Analitzo i comparo les imatges de pel·lícules de dos directors, Naomi Kawase i Jonathan Caouette, qui també s'hi han encarat, buscant l'efecte mirall. En el tercer, considero les motivacions, les compensacions, la reacció dels espectadors i les conseqüències d'arriscar-se a exposar la intimitat, la pròpia i la dels qui ens envolten. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/206344 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/206254 Traducción comentada de “Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs): Transgenic Crops and Recombinant DNA Technology” Espinet Claveria, Josep Ramon En el siguiente trabajo se ofrece la traducción del inglés al español de un artículo científico sobre organismos modificados genéticamente (OMG). Asimismo, se proporciona un comentario sobre los aspectos (pragmáticos, sintácticos, léxicos, de convenciones, etc.) más importantes que afectan a la traducción y pretende servir de guía para futuros estudiantes/traductores.; The purpose of this paper is to provide a translation into Spanish of a review article about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) entitled “Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs): Transgenic Crops and Recombinant DNA Technology” published by the well-known scientific journal Nature. In a world where English has become the lingua franca when it comes to transferring scientific knowledge and information, it must be taken into account that not everyone—from scientist to the general public—has a good enough command of English so that they can feel comfortable enough reading in this language. Translators are consequently needed resulting from a great demand of translation activity into, for example, Spanish. This is the reason why the proposed Spanish translation is followed by a detailed analysis emphasizing the difficulties and problems that characterize scientific—and also general—translation (i.e. terminology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and ideology), for which different approaches as how to solve them are provided. On the basis of the analysis, it can be concluded that experience will be of much help to scientific translators, given that specific terminological knowledge and style requirements must always be born in mind when translating in this field. Moreover, this paper is intended to serve as a guide for Translation students specializing in the field of science and the expectation is to help them make the right decisions when it comes to translating. However, it is clear that it can only be thought of as an introduction that should be completed with further research and documentation tasks in order to offer a complete reference tool: the ultimate handbook of scientific translation. Fri, 01 Jun 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/206254 2012-06-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/206253 El doblatge d’una comèdia britànica: The Vicar of Dibley Pino Torrent, Alèxia Aquest treball analitza els problemes de doblatge de l’anglès al català que presenta una sèrie còmica, The Vicar of Dibley. L’objectiu es estudiar tant problemes generals com específics per tal de demostrar la viabilitat del doblatge d’aquesta comèdia. Es proposen possibles solucions per a tots els problemes analitzats.; In Spain and also in Catalonia, both movies and TV series are usually dubbed. British comedies have had a considerable success once dubbed into Catalan over the years, so it would make sense to dub a successful comedy series such as The vicar of Dibley. The idea was to prove it possible to dub, by working on the first episode of the first season, so as to provide translation examples and show that the Catalan audience would appreciate this particular comedy. In order to properly analyse the whole episode, the first step was to establish some basic but essential information about audio-visual translation and more precisely about dubbing. This initial information offered the basis for the study, which was divided in two parts: a general analysis of the issues concerning the whole episode and the translation of specific problems divided into categories such as nicknames, expressions, jokes and so on. It has been shown that the most appropriate method of translation in a comedy is to adapt all the references to provide natural dialogs for the target audience. Keeping in mind that the aim is to entertain, it has proved basic to respect as much as possible the image and to maintain all the comic elements. Basically, this study shows how it is possible to dub the series, while providing practical translation examples for future reference. Furthermore, it plays an educational role by widely explaining the whole dubbing process. Fri, 01 Jun 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/206253 2012-06-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/206252 Fachkräftemangel in Deutschland - Traducción de un informe del Bundestag sobre la falta de mano de obra cualificada en Alemania Graf, Julia Patricia El presente trabajo consiste en la traducción y el análisis de un informe sobre la falta de mano de obra cualificada en Alemania publicado en 2012 por el Bundestag. A partir del texto traducido se analizan varios problemas léxicos y gramaticales de la traducción entre el alemán y el español.; This paper presents a translation and analysis of a report about the lack of qualified personnel in Germany published in March 2012 by the German Bundestag. The problem of the lack of qualified personnel has been very much discussed in Germany during the last years. Due to the current difficult situation of the labour market in Spain, many Spanish people think about the possibility to emigrate to Germany and are therefore interested in this subject. The objective of this paper is a double one: to offer an exhaustive, detailed and comprehensible text in Spanish about the lack of qualified personnel and the labour market situation in Germany as well as to analyse various translation problems between German and Spanish. The analysis part of the paper contains a terminological glossary with all specific vocabulary regarding the labour market, demography and politics, as well as definitions of culture specific concepts. Furthermore, it includes an analysis of two of the most difficult grammatical problems appearing in translation between German and Spanish: the formation of compound nouns and adjectives and the versatile modal verb sollen. Both analysis are based on studies of comparative grammar of German and Spanish and carried out with examples of the translated text, and may serve as a useful model for further translations of the same genre. Fri, 01 Jun 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/206252 2012-06-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/206201 Dolor de actriz: Anna Magnani en la invención del cine moderno Carnicé Mur, Margarida El siguiente ensayo es el fruto de una investigación personal sobre la contemporaneidad de la carrera cinematográfica de Anna Magnani (1908-1973), actriz italiana de la segunda mitad del siglo XX particular por el realismo, la inmediatez y la profundidad dramática de su estilo interpretativo. A través de su caso, hoy injustamente olvidado y relegado a símbolo de une época, éste estudio pretende volver sobre la figura del actor y sobre la ausencia categórica a la que la historia del cine ha relegado ésta figura. El estudio incluye la pieza audiovisual “Attrice”, documental sobre éste proceso de investigación. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/206201 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/206200 Voces verbales en el español de Argentina Vinokur Jeinson, Anahí El objetivo del trabajo es determinar si el uso de un grupo de verbos es propio del español de Argentina o si, por el contrario, se extiende a otros países hispanohablantes. Para ello, se analizan el proceso de derivación verbal, la semántica y el carácter neológico de las voces.; When a language comprises more than one country, or even more than one continent, a translator should be ready to acknowledge all the differences between its varieties. This paper focuses on some of the verbal uses typical for Argentinean Spanish. In particular, its purpose is to determine whether these verbs are only limited to Argentina or if, they are used in other Spanish-speaking countries. After obtaining a number of verbal voices from web pages and native informants, a group of these verbs—selected according to various morphological and lexicographic criteria—were documented in dictionaries and linguistic corpora. This information was then introduced on verbal cards made ad hoc, and, by comparing them, each verb was analyzed in terms of verbal derivation, semantics, and neology. Findings show that most of the meanings documented are not used in Spain, and that some of the verbs may not even be confined to Argentinean Spanish. Moreover, usage contexts lead to think that the verbs are mainly used in colloquial situations, both oral and written. Regarding neology, it is argued that some of the verbs could have been recently created in Spanish, whereas some others, instead, are likely to belong to the Argentinean lunfardo vocabulary. In order to properly ascertain if they are new verbal voices, future research is needed. Finally, since many of the derivational word stems from which verbs are created are also verbs, it is suggested that future studies describing the main derivational morphology features of deverbal verbs are required. Fri, 01 Jun 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/206200 2012-06-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/206199 Análisis de las incoherencias entre texto e imagen en Los Simpson Portas Requena, Eduard En los productos audiovisuales, el canal oral y el visual transmiten información simultáneamente. Si la coherencia de sentido entre texto e imagen desaparece en el doblaje, el objetivo de verosimilitud no se satisface. En este trabajo analizo y clasifico las incoherencias texto-imagen y aporto posibles soluciones a este recurrente problema.; When dubbing audio-visual products, translators must take into account the interaction between the oral and the visual channels, as both of them convey information at the same time. It is sometimes difficult to maintain the original coherence between text and image (due to wordplay, for instance), and the dubbed version ends up making no sense. This has negative consequences on the audience because they realise they are watching a translation and that it could actually be wrong. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to find out what causes the appearance of such incoherences and give some general solutions or strategies to prevent them. To do so, I have analysed specific examples of text-image incoherences in the Spanish version of The Simpsons, as this animation series often transmits information and humour through the visual channel. The results of my work are a classification of the different types of text-image incoherences (based upon the several restrictions imposed by the image) and a reflection on the importance of avoiding them to improve the quality of dubbed versions. In some cases I propose adaptations of the text to solve incoherences, but in other examples visual restrictions make such adaptations almost impossible, which leads me to the conclusion that digital manipulation of the image is sometimes necessary. Future studies could broaden the scope of my work by analysing more examples of text-image incoherences in other series and films: this could help improve my classification of them and give further solutions to this recurrent problem. Fri, 01 Jun 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/206199 2012-06-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/205882 Traducció de textos normatius anglès-valencià: anàlisi i reflexió lingüística Bel Caballer, Maribel Aquest treball constitueix un estudi reflexiu i pràctic de les diferències dialectials entre el català oriental i el valencià en la producció i traducció de textos normatius. Pretén, a més, ser un punt de partida per a la creació d'uns criteris estàndard de redacció en valencià d'aquest tipus de textos Wed, 01 Jun 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/205882 2011-06-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/205819 Disseny, implementació i avaluació d'un joc tangible basat en puzles per aprendre concepte de les enginyeries TIC Cardona Serra, Joan L'interès per les carreres relacionades amb les enginyeries del camp de les Tecnologies de la Informació i la Comunicació (TIC) va caient any rere any i això es tradueix en menys matriculacions per cada any que passa. Una de les causes principals és la falta de motivació i interès envers aquestes carreres. Aquest problema s’atribueix a que les metodologies d’aprenentatge tradicionals no s’adeqüen a les necessitats i requeriments dels estudiants d’avui dia, que han crescut envoltats de tecnologia, i se’ls coneix amb el nom en anglès de digital natives. L’aprenentatge basat en jocs sorgeix com a una possible solució per afrontar aquesta falta d’interès per les àrees del coneixement relacionades amb les enginyeries TIC. Aquest mètode d'aprenentatge consisteix en que els estudiants aprenguin conceptes de les TIC mentre estan jugant a un joc. Per tant, en el context d’aquest PFC, ens centrarem en el disseny i implementació d’un joc per aprendre conceptes bàsics de les enginyeries TIC. En concret, el disseny d’aquest joc segueix les característiques definides per un model conceptual que descriu quins són els elements necessaris per crear jocs basats en puzles: quins són els elements principals que componen aquests tipus de joc i quines pistes es poden afegir per guiar a l’estudiant en el procés d’aprenentatge amb el joc. Per altra banda, pel que fa a la implementació del joc, s’utilitzarà tecnologia basada en interfícies tangibles. Per tal d’analitzar el joc basat en puzles que s’ha dissenyat i implementat per aprendre conceptes basics de les Enginyeries TIC, s’ha portat a terme una avaluació amb estudiants d’un centre educatiu. Aspectes com el disseny de pistes, l’experiència dels estudiants amb el joc i l’aprenentatge amb el joc seran analitzats per extreure les conclusions oportunes.; El interés por las carreras relacionadas con las ingenierías en el campo de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) va cayendo año tras año y eso se traduce en menos matriculaciones por cada año que pasa. Una de las principales causas es la falta de motivación e interés por estas carreras. Una de las causas de este problema se atribuye a que las metodologías de aprendizaje tradicionales no se adecuan a las necesidades i requerimientos de los estudiantes de hoy día, que han crecido rodeados de tecnología, i se los conoce con el nombre en inglés de digital natives. El aprendizaje basado en juegos surge como una posible solución para afrontar esta falta de interés por las áreas del conocimiento relacionadas con las ingenierías TIC. Éste método de aprendizaje consiste en que los estudiantes aprendan conceptos de las TIC mientras están jugando a un juego. Por tanto, en el contexto de este PFC, nos centraremos en el diseño e implementación de un juego para aprender conceptos básicos de las ingenierías TIC. En concreto, el diseño de este juego sigue las características definidas por un modelo conceptual que describe cuales son los elementos necesarios para crear juegos basados en puzzles: cuáles son los elementos principales que componen este tipo de juego y qué pistas se pueden añadir para guiar al estudiante en el proceso de aprendizaje con el juego. Por otro lado, por lo que respecta a la implementación del juego, se utilizará tecnología basada en interfaces tangibles. Para analizar el juego basado en puzzle que se ha diseñado e implementado para aprender conceptos básicos de las Ingenierías TIC, se ha llevado a cabo una evaluación con estudiantes de un centro educativo. Aspectos como el diseño de pistas, la experiencia de los estudiantes con el juego y el aprendizaje con el juego serán analizados para extraer las conclusiones oportunas. Fri, 01 Jun 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/205819 2012-06-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/205818 Disseny, implementació i avaluació d'un joc tangible basat en puzles per a l'aprenentatge d'arquitectura d'ordinadors Ponz Adán, Adrián Actualment existeix una falta d'interès per part dels estudiants a l'àrea de les enginyeries en Tecnologies de la Informació i la Comunicació (TIC) que es pot veure reflectida en el descens de les matriculacions universitàries en aquest àmbit. Aquest fet està relacionat amb que la nova generació d‟estudiants està constantment en contacte amb tota mena d'aparells tecnològics estimulants i a l‟hora de l‟estudi poden sofrir una falta d‟interès per l‟ús d‟una metodologia d'aprenentatge més tradicional. En aquest sentit s'ha investigat que l‟ús de jocs com a eina educativa pot ser una bona solució per afrontar aquesta falta d'interès. No obstant això, actualment no existeixen gaires jocs destinats a aprendre conceptes relacionats amb les enginyeries TIC i que proporcionin als estudiants els mecanismes d'ajuda necessaris per donar-los suport durant l'aprenentatge d‟aquests nous conceptes. En aquest projecte es desenvoluparà un joc educatiu per a estudiants amb l‟objectiu de proporcionar uns primers coneixements sobre les TIC. Per una banda, per al disseny del joc s‟utilitzarà un model conceptual que defineix els elements necessaris per a dissenyar jocs basats en resoldre puzles. A més, aquest model conceptual permet el disseny no només de jocs per a PCs, sinó també de jocs tangibles i exploratius (mitjançant tecnologia mòbil). En el nostre cas, ens centrarem en la implementació d‟un joc tangible. Per altra banda, pel que fa a la implementació, tindrem en compte l‟estàndard educatiu d‟IMS Learning Design, demostrant d‟aquesta manera que aquest tipus de jocs es poden beneficiar dels avantatges que aporten els estàndards educatius. Per tant, en aquest PFC es dissenyarà i implementarà un joc tangible basat en puzles dintre de l‟àrea d‟arquitectura d‟ordinadors. El joc constarà de tres mini-jocs que es presentaran com jocs de realitat augmentada amb el suport d‟un ordinador i unes peces físiques amb les que interactuaran els usuaris. El sistema proporcionarà un sistema d‟ajuda i un sistema de puntuació. Per últim, avaluarem el joc en un centre escolar amb estudiants de 4t d‟ESO amb la finalitat d'analitzar les valoracions dels estudiants respecte el joc i les pistes proporcionades.; Actualmente existe una falta de interés por parte de los estudiantes en el área de las ingenierías en Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) que se puede ver reflejada en el descenso de las matriculaciones universitarias en este ámbito. Este hecho está relacionado con que la nueva generación de estudiantes están constantemente en contacto con todo tipo de aparatos tecnológicos estimulantes y a la hora del estudio pueden sufrir una falta de interés por el uso de una metodología de aprendizaje más tradicional. En este sentido se ha investigado que el uso de juegos como herramienta educativa puede ser una buena solución para afrontar esta falta de interés. Sin embargo, actualmente no existen muchos juegos destinados a aprender conceptos relacionados con las ingenierías TIC y que proporcionen a los estudiantes los mecanismos de ayuda necesarios para facilitarles el aprendizaje de estos nuevos conceptos. En este proyecto se desarrollará un juego educativo para estudiantes con el objetivo de proporcionar unos primeros conocimientos sobre las TIC. Por un lado, para el diseño del juego se utilizará un modelo conceptual que define los elementos necesarios para diseñar juegos basados en resolver puzles. Además, este modelo conceptual permite el diseño no sólo de juegos para PCs, sino también de juegos tangibles y explorativos (mediante tecnología móvil). En nuestro caso, nos centraremos en la implementación de un juego tangible. Por otra parte, en cuanto a la implementación, tendremos en cuenta el estándar educativo de IMS Learning Design, demostrando de esta manera que este tipo de juegos se pueden beneficiar de las ventajas que aportan los estándares educativos. Por tanto, en este PFC se diseñará e implementará un juego tangible basado en puzzles dentro del área de arquitectura de ordenadores. El juego constará de tres mini-juegos que se presentarán como juegos de realidad aumentada con el apoyo de un ordenador y unas piezas físicas con las que interactuarán los usuarios. El sistema proporcionará un sistema de ayuda y un sistema de puntuación. Por último, evaluaremos el juego en un centro escolar con estudiantes de 4 º de ESO con la finalidad de analizar las valoraciones de los estudiantes respecto al juego y las pistas proporcionadas. Fri, 01 Jun 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/205818 2012-06-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/205560 Reconciling context and contact with immigrants effects: an examination of the Catalan case Rodón, Toni Contact theory and threat group theory offer contradictory hypotheses regarding the effect of contact with immigrants. Despite recent efforts to test the validity of both approaches, we still lack a definitive conclusion. This article integrates both approaches and tests the effect of contact towards immigrants and how this changes when different contexts are considered. Mainly, we investigate the effect of the economic environment and the immigrant group size on modifying attitudes toward immigration. The hypotheses, which are tested in Catalonia, show that contact with immigrants reduce negative attitudes towards immigration, especially friendship and family contact. However, mixed results are reported regarding the effect of economic environment and immigrant group size. Whereas the former modifies positively the effect of workplace contact, the latter has no effect. Findings have implications for the impact of context when dealing with the impact of contact on attitudes towards immigration. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/205560 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z