http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/4428 www.irta.cat/ca-ES/Pagines/default.aspx Tue, 21 May 2013 22:00:34 GMT 2013-05-21T22:00:34Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/bitstream/id/33960/ http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/4428 http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/210187 Conjugation of genetically-engineered protein phosphatases to magnetic particles for okadaic acid detection Garibo, Diana; Devic, Eric; Marty, Jean-Louis; Diogène Fadini, Jorge; Unzueta, Idoia; Blázquez, María; Campàs i Homs, Mònica This work presents the functional characterisation of a protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) catalytic subunit obtained by genetic engineering and its conjugation to magnetic particles (MPs) via metal coordination chemistry for the subsequent development of assays for diarrheic lipophilic marine toxins. Colorimetric assays with free enzyme have allowed the determination of the best enzyme activity stabiliser, which is glycerol at 10%. They have also demonstrated that the recombinant enzyme can be as sensitive towards okadaic acid (OA) (LOD=2.3μg/L) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1) (LOD=15.2μg/L) as a commercial PP2A and, moreover, it has a higher operational stability, which makes possible to perform the protein phosphatase inhibition assay (PPIA) with a lower enzyme amount. Once conjugated to MPs, the PP2A catalytic subunit still retains its enzyme activity and it can also be inhibited by OA (LOD=30.1μg/L). Thu, 01 Dec 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/210187 2011-12-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/209568 Gaviota de Audouin. Treinta años de nidificación en el Delta del Ebro Bertolero, Albert; Oro, Daniel; Genovart, Meritxell; Curcó, Antoni La punta de la banya, situada en el extremo meridional del delta del Ebro, acoge a una gran colonia nidificante de gaviota de Adouin, a la que recientemente se ha sumado un segundo núcleo reproductor asentado en el espigón portuario de la vecina localidad de SAnt Carles de la Ràpita. Al margen de las oscilaciones naturales de la colonia, la presencia de la especie en el delta del Ebro se remonta al año 1981, con un máximo histórico de 15.329 parejas censadas durante la temporada de cria del año 2006. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/209568 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/209324 Efficacy of elevated levels of a Citrobacter braakii phytase in turkey poult diets Esteve Garcia, Enric; Broz, Jiri; Fru, Fidelis; Ward, N. E. The efficacy of elevated levels of RONOZYME® HiPhos was assessed for turkey poults fed a low-P corn/SBM-based diet with an estimated 0.25% phytate Fri, 01 Mar 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/209324 2013-03-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208479 An integrated approach for the assessment of HAB dynamics in two NW Mediterranean bays from a GEOHAB perspective Bush, Julia A.; Cembella, Allan D., 1952-; Fernández-Tejedor, Margarita; Diogène Fadini, Jorge; Zielinski, Oliver Alfacs and Fangar Bay in the Ebro Delta, NW Mediterranean are the major sites in Catalonia for shellfish cultivation. These bays are subject to occasional closures in shellfish harvesting due to the presence of phycotoxins. Fish kills have also been associated with harmful algal blooms. The comparison of phytoplankton dynamics in both bays offers the opportunity to reveal differences in bloom patterns of species known to be harmful for the ecosystem and aquaculture activities. Field research is underway under the GEOHAB framework within the Core Research Project on HABs in Fjords and Coastal Embayments. The overall objective of this study is to improve our understanding of HAB biogeographical patterns, and key elements driving bloom dynamics in time and space within these semi-constrained embayments. Via the comparative approach we aim to improve the prediction for monitoring purposes, with a focus on Karlodinium spp. associated with massive kills of aquaculture species. This objective is addressed by incorporating long-term time series of phytoplankton identification and enumeration with the first results of recent field work in both bays. The latter includes the application of optical sensors, to yield a complementary view with enhanced spatial and temporal resolution of bloom phenomena. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208479 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208425 Levels of PSP toxins in bivalves exposed to natural blooms of Alexandrium minutum in Catalan harbours Giménez Papiol, Gemma; Caillaud, A.; Cañete, E.; De la Iglesia González, Pablo; Eixarch Puigcerver, Helena; Fernández-Tejedor, Margarita; Franco, J.; Riobó, P.; Diogène Fadini, Jorge The development, validation, comparison and evaluation of analytical methods for marine toxins rely on the availability of toxic material. Within the project JACUMAR PSP, our interest is mainly focused on autochthonous bivalve species with the toxic profile of Alexandrium minutum, since this is the principal species involved regionally in PSP outbreaks. Mussels and oysters were exposed during few days in the harbor of Vilanova i la Geltrú, to blooms reaching a maximum A. minutum concentration of 200,000 cells L-1 in 2008, and 40,000 and 800,000 cells L-1, in 2009. Mussels, oysters and clams were exposed to one bloom of 22,000 cells L-1 in the harbor of Cambrils in 2009. In all situations higher toxic levels analyzed by HPLC-FD with postcolumn oxidation were observed in mussels (i.e. 1,200-2,500 μg eq. STX kg-1) than in oysters (i.e. 60-800 μg eq. STX kg-1) exposed to the same bloom. Blooms with higher concentrations of A. minutum did not correspond to higher levels of PSP toxins in bivalves. These differences may be explained by differences in A. minutum population dynamics, toxin production or in the physiological state or behaviour of shellfish. These results confirm that mussels concentrate more PSP toxins from A. minutum than oysters and clams. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208425 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208419 Distribució actual de la tortuga Mediterrànea a Menorca Bertolero, Albert; Petrus, Joan A Menorca la tortuga mediterrànea Testudo hermanni és una espècie comuna que es distribueix per quasi tota l'illa. Els estudis anteriors sobre la seva distribució van ser realitzats entre els anys 1970 i 1994. Entre 2003 i 2006 es va prospectar la major part de Menorca amb la finalitat de determinar-ne la distribució actual. A partir de 3647 observacions d'exemplars, se'n va seleccionar aleatòriament una per quadrícula UTM de 0,5 x 0,5 km prospectada. Mitjançant una anàlisi kernel es va calcular que la seva distribució ocupava una superfície de 469 km2 (incloent-hi hàbitats no emprats per les tortugues, com ara zones urbanes o algunes zones boscoses). Aquesta distribució no és continua al llarg de l'illa, sinó que es formada per una sèrie de poblacions més o menys fragmentades i aïllades. D'altra banda, la distribució obtinguda coincideix amb la senyalada en treballs anteriors, la qual cosa s'interpreta com que no hi ha hagut canvis importants en la seva ocupació en els últims deu anys. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/208419 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/207587 Seasonal changes of whole root system conductance by a drought-tolerant grape root system Alsina Martí, Maria del Mar; Smart, David R.; Bauerle, Taryn; Herralde Traveria, Felicidad de; Biel Loscos, Carme; Stockert, Christine; Negron, Claudia; Savé i Montserrat, Robert, 1954- The role of root systems in drought tolerance is a subject of very limited information compared with above-ground responses. Adjustments to the ability of roots to supply water relative to shoot transpiration demand is proposed as a major means for woody perennial plants to tolerate drought, and is often expressed as changes in the ratios of leaf to root area (AL:AR). Seasonal root proliferation in a directed manner could increase the water supply function of roots independent of total root area (AR) and represents a mechanism whereby water supply to demand could be increased. To address this issue, seasonal root proliferation, stomatal conductance (gs) and whole root system hydraulic conductance (kr) were investigated for a drought-tolerant grape root system (Vitis berlandieri×V. rupestris cv. 1103P) and a non-drought-tolerant root system (Vitis riparia×V. rupestris cv. 101-14Mgt), upon which had been grafted the same drought-sensitive clone of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot. Leaf water potentials (ψL) for Merlot grafted onto the 1103P root system (–0.91±0.02 MPa) were +0.15 MPa higher than Merlot on 101-14Mgt (–1.06±0.03 MPa) during spring, but dropped by approximately –0.4 MPa from spring to autumn, and were significantly lower by –0.15 MPa (–1.43±0.02 MPa) than for Merlot on 101-14Mgt (at –1.28±0.02 MPa). Surprisingly, gs of Merlot on the drought-tolerant root system (1103P) was less down-regulated and canopies maintained evaporative fluxes ranging from 35–20 mmol vine−1 s−1 during the diurnal peak from spring to autumn, respectively, three times greater than those measured for Merlot on the drought-sensitive rootstock 101-14Mgt. The drought-tolerant root system grew more roots at depth during the warm summer dry period, and the whole root system conductance (kr) increased from 0.004 to 0.009 kg MPa−1 s−1 during that same time period. The changes in kr could not be explained by xylem anatomy or conductivity changes of individual root segments. Thus, the manner in which drought tolerance was conveyed to the drought-sensitive clone appeared to arise from deep root proliferation during the hottest and driest part of the season, rather than through changes in xylem structure, xylem density or stomatal regulation. This information can be useful to growers on a site-specific basis in selecting rootstocks for grape clonal material (scions) grafted to them. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/207587 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/207586 IX Jornada Tècnica de l'Arròs Jornada Tècnica de l'Arròs (9ena : 2013 : Deltebre) Només amb una millora continuada del cultiu es podran assolir els nous reptes que es presenten. La temàtica abordada serà molt variada: agronòmica, sanitat vegetal, ajuts i normatives. A més, enguany tindrem l’oportunitat d’aprofundir en el coneixement del cultiu de l’arròs a Andalusia. Per tot això, aquesta jornada tècnica ofereix a tots els arrossers la possibilitat d’ampliar els coneixements, debatre problemàtiques i alhora intercanviar experiències. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/207586 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/207214 Protein phosphatase inhibition assays for okadaic acid detection in shellfish: matrix effects, applicability and comparison with LC-MS/MS analysis Garibo, Diana; Dàmaso, Esther; Eixarch Puigcerver, Helena; De la Iglesia González, Pablo de la; Fernández-Tejedor, Margarita; Diogène Fadini, Jorge; Pazos, Yolanda; Campàs i Homs, Mònica The applicability of the protein phosphatase inhibition assay (PPIA) to the determination of okadaic acid (OA) and its acyl derivatives in shellfish samples has been investigated, using a recombinant PP2A and a commercial one. Mediterranean mussel, wedge clam, Pacific oyster and flat oyster have been chosen as model species. Shellfish matrix loading limits for the PPIA have been established, according to the shellfish species and the enzyme source. A synergistic inhibitory effect has been observed in the presence of OA and shellfish matrix, which has been overcome by the application of a correction factor (0.48). Finally, Mediterranean mussel samples obtained from Rı´a de Arousa during a DSP closure associated to Dinophysis acuminata, determined as positive by the mouse bioassay, have been analysed with the PPIAs. The OA equivalent contents provided by the PPIAs correlate satisfactorily with those obtained by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/207214 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/206745 Technologies de procédé et de contrôle pour réduire la teneur en sel du jambon sec et des saucissons Arnau, J. (Arnau i Arboix, Jacint); Fulladosa i Tomàs, Elena; Garcia Gil, Núria; Serra Dalmau, Xavier; Guàrdia i Gasull, Ma Dolors; Gou i Botó, Pere; Comaposada i Beringues, Josep; Picouet, Pierre; Muñoz Moreno, Israel Dans certains pays européens, les produits carnés élaborés peuvent représenter près de 20% de la consommation journalière de sodium. De ce fait, les industries de la viande tentent de réduire la teneur en sel dans les produits carnés pour répondre, d’une part aux attentes des consommateurs et d’autre part aux demandes des autorités sanitaires. Le système Quick‐Dry‐Slice process (QDS®), couplé avec l’utilisation de sels substituant le chlorure de sodium (NaCl), a permis de fabriquer, avec succès, des saucisses fermentées à basse teneur en sel en réduisant le cycle de fabrication et sans ajout de NaCl supplémentaire. Les technologies de mesure en ligne non destructives, comme les rayons X et l’induction électromagnétique, permettent de classifier les jambons frais suivant leur teneur en gras, un paramètre crucial pour adapter la durée de l’étape de salaison. La technologie des rayons X peut aussi être utilisée pour estimer la quantité de sel incorporée pendant la salaison. L’information relative aux teneurs en sel et en gras est importante pour optimiser le processus d’élaboration du jambon sec en réduisant la variabilité de la teneur en sel entre les lots et dans un même lot, mais aussi pour réduire la teneur en sel du produit final. D’autres technologies comme la spectroscopie en proche infrarouge (NIRS) ou spectroscopie microondes sont aussi utiles pour contrôler le processus d’élaboration et pour caractériser et classifier les produits carnés élaborés, selon leur teneur en sel. La plupart de ces technologies peuvent être facilement appliquées en ligne dans l’industrie afin de contrôler le processus de fabrication et d’obtenir ainsi des produits carnés présentant les caractéristiques recherchées.; In some European countries, processed meat products can contribute up to 20% of the sodium intake of the diet. Therefore, meat industries are interested in reducing the salt content of meat products to match both consumer and health authority demands. The Quick‐Dry‐Slice process (QDS®) technology, in combination with the use of potassium salts as NaCl substitutes, has been successfully used to manufacture salt‐reduced fermented sausages in a short period of time and without added NaCl. Online non‐destructive technologies such as X‐ray and Electromagnetic Induction allow green hams to be classified according to their fat content which is a crucial parameter to adjust the duration of the salting period. X‐ray technologies can also be used to estimate the salt uptake after salting. Information regarding fat and salt contents is important to optimize the dry‐cured ham process by decreasing salt content variability (inter‐ and intra‐ batch) and by reducing the salt content of the final product. Other technologies such as Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) and Microwave Spectroscopy are useful to control the process and to characterize and classify the product according to its salt content. Most of these technologies can be easily implemented on line in the industry in order to control manufacturing processes, and to produce meat products with the desired characteristics. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/206745 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/206454 The implementation of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the official control of lipophilic toxins in seafood: Single-laboratory validation under four chromatographic conditions García-Altares, María; Diogène Fadini, Jorge; De la Iglesia González, Pablo de la We performed a comprehensive study to assess the fit for purpose of four chromatographic conditions for the determination of six groups of marine lipophilic toxins (okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins, pectenotoxins, azaspiracids, yessotoxins, gymnodimine and spirolides) by LC-MS/MS to select the most suitable conditions as stated by the European Union Reference Laboratory for Marine Biotoxins (EURLMB). For every case, the elution gradient has been optimized to achieve a total run-time cycle of 12 min. We performed a single-laboratory validation for the analysis of three relevant matrices for the seafood aquaculture industry (mussels, pacific oysters and clams), and for sea urchins for which no data about lipophilic toxins have been reported before. Moreover, we have compared the method performance under alkaline conditions using two quantification strategies: the external standard calibration (EXS) and the matrix-matched standard calibration (MMS). Alkaline conditions were the only scenario that allowed detection windows with polarity switching in a 3200 QTrap mass spectrometer, thus the analysis of all toxins can be accomplished in a single run, increasing sample throughput. The limits of quantification under alkaline conditions met the validation requirements established by the EURLMB for all toxins and matrices, while the remaining conditions failed in some cases. The accuracy of the method and the matrix effects where generally dependent on the mobile phases and the seafood species. The MMS had a moderate positive impact on method accuracy for crude extracts, but it showed poor trueness for seafood species other than mussels when analyzing hydrolyzed extracts. Alkaline conditions with EXS and recovery correction for OA were selected as the most proper conditions in the context of our laboratory. This comparative study can help other laboratories to choose the best conditions for the implementation of LC-MS/MS according to their own necessities. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/206454 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/202528 Resistencia a las heladas de otoño y su heredabilidad en Juglans regia L. Guàrdia Bel, Mercè; Vilanova Subirats, Antoni; Savé i Montserrat, Robert; Aletà i Soler, Neus Sat, 01 Sep 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/202528 2012-09-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/201929 Jornada de Camp de l'Arròs 2012 Català, Mar; Tomàs Navarro, Núria; Forés Ejarque, Vanesa; Pla Mayor, Eva; Domingo, Concha; Gisbert, David; Ferré, Xavi; Galimany Saloni, Gemma; Tomàs Tomàs, Àlvaro; Ara més que mai cal innovar i en aquest sentit presentem aquesta jornada de camp, ja un clàssic en el món arrosser del Delta de l’Ebre. A més de ser un punt de trobada dels arrossers i tècnics especialitzats. Entre el contingut que es mostrarà destaquem: noves varietats d’arròs, millora en la eficiència de la fertilització orgànica i nous mètodes de control de plagues i malalties. Wed, 01 Aug 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/201929 2012-08-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/196507 Manual del aplicador de CO2 en cultivos hortícolas Antón Vallejo, Ma Asunción; Aranda Frattarola, Xavier; Biel Loscos, Carme; Herralde Traveria, Felicidad de; Montero Núñez, José; Montero Camacho, Juan Ignacio; Morales Muñoz, Cristian; Muñoz Odina, Pere; Savé i Montserrat, Robert Este manual se ha solicitado como parte del encargo que Iberdrola realizó al IRTA dentro del proyecto SOST-CO2, financiado por el programa CENIT (Consorcios Estratégicos Nacionales en Investigación Técnica), que forma parte del Programa Ingenio 2010, un proyecto del Gobierno español para incrementar la inversión en I+D, tanto pública como privada, con el objetivo de alcanzar en 2010 el 2% del PIB. El proyecto SOST-CO2 tiene como objetivo abordar el ciclo de vida completo del CO2, desde su captura en las fuentes de emisión pasando por su transporte, su almacenamiento y su valorización a gran escala. Se pretende enlazar la captura del CO2 con su posterior revalorización, buscando así una alternativa sostenible al mero confinamiento geológico de las emisiones. En el contexto del proyecto SOST-CO2, Iberdrola se planteó la utilización directa en horticultura intensiva de gases de combustión procedentes de sus plantas de ciclo combinado que utilizan gas natural como combustible, dado su contenido enriquecido en CO2, y encargó al IRTA su estudio. El objetivo general era, a parte de una importante fijación de carbono por parte de los cultivos, un elevado nivel de sostenibilidad ambiental por reducción de los inputs energéticos empleados en la climatización de los invernaderos y en la depuración de los gases. El trabajo se desarrolló a lo largo de cuatro años (2008-2011) en diversos escenarios experimentales. De las diferentes facetas que abarcó este trabajo, se presentan aquí las más directamente relacionadas con el principal resultado del estudio, es decir, la adecuación de los gases de combustión mencionados para obtener una mejora en la producción y rendimiento por su aplicación en horticultura intensiva. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/196507 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/196482 Cosecha y post-cosecha de nueces Aletà i Soler, Neus; Rovira i Cambra, Mercè La mecanización integral de la cosecha se reduce todavía a un número limitado de explotaciones, aunque cada día son más las plantaciones en las que se utilizan vibradores en la cosecha. La utilización de cosechadoras está reservada a explotaciones superiores a las 20 ha y se suele recurrir a vibradores de ramas mientras los árboles no alcanzan la envergadura de adultos. Una correcta cosecha se suelen realizar en dos pasadas y en pocas explotaciones se utilizan productos para la maduración artificial. Prácticamente la mayoría de las nuevas plantaciones de nogal disponen de sistemas de secado y acondicionado de las nueces, los productores son conscientes de la importancia del tratamiento de post-cosecha que, sin duda, marca la calidad final de la producción y con ella el precio de la nuez. En la misma explotación las nueces son peladas, lavadas, secadas y muy habitualmente calibradas y envasadas. Las nueces se secan entre 10-12% bh. en cáscara, y hasta 5-6% bh. en grano, utilizando secadores de aire insuflado por la base, los tradicionales de ‘falso fondo’ son los más habituales. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/196482 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/196303 Fertilización del arroz con gallinaza, una alternativa en alza Català, Mar; Pla Mayor, Eva; Martínez Eixarch, Maite; Forés Ejarque, Vanesa; Tomás Navarro, Núria El sistema agrario actual se ha caracterizado por el incremento de los fertilizantes químicos en detrimento de la fertilización orgánica. Esto conduce a un deterioro de la calidad del suelo debido a la reducción de la materia orgánica en él (Xu, M.G., 2006). Por otra parte, la fertilización orgánica provee a los cultivos de numerosos elementos nutritivos con un menor coste añadido (Wen, G. y otros, 1999). La preocupación mundial que genera la crisis energética y la protección del medio ambiente junto con la situación actual del sector agrario donde la rentabilidad económica del cultivo se ve cada vez más reducida, ha promovido numerosos estudios en los que se vuelven a considerar las prácticas de fertilización tradicionales. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/196303 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/196300 Prevalence and persistence of gymnodimines in clams from the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia) studied by mouse bioassay and LC-MS/MS Ben Naila, Idriss; Hamza, Asma; Gdoura, Radhouane; Diogène Fadini, Jorge; de la Iglesia, Pablo In this work we studied the toxicity in clams from the Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia (Southern Mediterranean). Samples from two stations (M2 and S6) were collected monthly from January 2009 to September 2010, and analyzed by the official control method of mousse bioassay (MBA) for lipophilic toxins. All samples were also analyzed with the LC-MS/MS method for the determination of lipophilic toxins, namely: okadaic acid group, pectenotoxins, yessotoxins and azaspiracids, spirolides and gymnodimines (GYMs). The results showed prevalence of GYMs since it was the only toxin group identified in these samples with a maximum of 2,136 μg GYM -A kg-1 (February 2009 at M2). Furthermore, GYMs showed persistence in the area, with only one blank sample below the limit of detection. Interestingly, this blank sample was found in June 2009 after an important toxic episode which supports the recent findings regarding the high detoxification capability of clams, much faster than that reported for oysters. In comparison, good agreement was found among MBA, the LD50 value of 80-100 μg kg-1 reported for GYM- A, and quantitative results provided by LC-MS/MS. On the contrary to that previously reported for Tunisian clams, we unambiguously identified and quantified by LC-MS/MS the isomers GYM- B/C in most samples. Phytoplankton identification and enumeration of Karenia selliformis usually showed higher densities at site M2 than S6 as expected bearing in mind toxin results, although additional results would be required to improve the correlation between K. selliformis densities and quantitative results of toxins. The prevalence and persistence of GYMs in this area at high levels strongly encourages the evaluation of the chronic toxic effects of GYMs. This is especially important taking into account that relatively large quantities of GYMs can be released into the market due to the replacement of the official control method from mouse bioassay to the LC-MS/MS for lipophilic toxins (Regulation (EU) No 15/2011), and the lack of Regulation for this group of toxins. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/196300 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179685 VIII Jornada Tècnica de l’Arròs Jornada Tècnica de l'Arròs (8ena : 2012 : Deltebre) Tue, 07 Feb 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179685 2012-02-07T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179240 Evaluación del crecimiento y de la producción de madera en plantaciones españolas de nogal realizadas con progenies híbridas. Resultados en fase semiadulta Vilanova Subirats, Antoni; García i Turu, Ma. Dolors; Aletà i Soler, Neus El silvicultor debería ante todo conocer cuál es el producto que la industria valora y cuáles las características que se le exigen y dirigir sus esfuerzos de gestión a conseguirlas. Actualmente, la madera destinada a la producción de chapa a la plana es la más apreciada. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179240 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179239 Teleost fish larvae adapt to dietary arachidonic acid supply through modulation of the expression of lipid metabolism and stress response genes Alves Martins, Dulce; Rocha, Filipa; Martínez Rodríguez, Gonzalo; Bell, Gordon; Jacinto Morais, Sofia; Castanheira, Filipa; Bandarra, Narcisa; Coutinho, Joana; Yúfera, Manuel; Conceição, Luís E. C. Dietary fatty acid supply can affect stress response in fish during early development. Although knowledge on the mechanisms involved in fatty acid regulation of stress tolerance is scarce, it has often been hypothesised that eicosanoid profiles can influence cortisol production. Genomic cortisol actions are mediated by cytosolic receptors which may respond to cellular fatty acid signalling. An experiment was designed to test the effects of feeding gilthead sea-bream larvae with four microdiets, containing graded arachidonic acid (ARA) levels (0·4, 0·8, 1·5 and 3·0 %), on the expression of genes involved in stress response (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, glucocorticoid receptor and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), lipid and, particularly, eicosanoid metabolism (hormone-sensitive lipase, PPARα, phospholipase A2, cyclo-oxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase), as determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Fish fatty acid phenotypes reflected dietary fatty acid profiles. Growth performance, survival after acute stress and similar whole-body basal cortisol levels suggested that sea-bream larvae could tolerate a wide range of dietary ARA levels. Transcription of all genes analysed was significantly reduced at dietary ARA levels above 0·4 %. Nonetheless, despite practical suppression of phospholipase A2 transcription, higher leukotriene B4 levels were detected in larvae fed 3·0 % ARA, whereas a similar trend was observed regarding PGE2 production. The present study demonstrates that adaptation to a wide range of dietary ARA levels in gilthead sea-bream larvae involves the modulation of the expression of genes related to eicosanoid synthesis, lipid metabolism and stress response. The roles of ARA, other polyunsaturates and eicosanoids as signals in this process are discussed. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179239 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179238 Jornada de camp a la Unitat Experimental de la Terra Alta (UETA) Vargas García, Francisco J.; Tous Martí, Joan La Unitat Experimental de la Terra Alta (IRTA – INCAVI) acull diverses parcel·les experimentals basades en els tres conreus més importants de la Terra Alta: vinya, ametller i olivera. La jornada que us proposem enguany fa un èmfasi especial en els dos conreus típics de la fructicultura mediterrània (olivera i ametller), comptant amb la presència dels investigadors de l’IRTA: Joan Tous (nous models de producció en olivera) i Francisco Vargas (varietats d’ametller IRTA). Finalment, els assistents que així ho desitgin podran visitar, com cada any, els diferents assajos que tenim establerts en els tres conreus assenyalats. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179238 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179237 Jornada de Camp d'Arròs 2010 Català, Mar; Martínez Eixarch, Maite; Tomás, Núria; Pla Mayor, Eva; Torró, Isabel; Defeng, Zhu Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179237 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179183 Mesophyll conductance to CO2 and leaf morphological characteristics under drought stress during Quercus ilex L resprouting Fleck, Isabel; Peña-Rojas, Karen; Aranda Frattarola, Xavier • Quercus ilex L., the dominant species in Mediterranean forests and one with a great capacity for resprouting after disturbances, is threatened by the expected increase in fire frequency and drought associated with climate change. • The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of photosynthesis limitants, especially mesophyll conductance (gmes ) during this species’ resprouting and under summer drought. • Resprouts showed 5.3-fold increased gmes and 3.8-fold increased stomatal conductance (gs) atmidday with respect to leaves of undisturbed individuals. With increased drought, structural changes (decreased density and increased thickness) in resprouts contributed to the observed higher photosynthesis and increased gmes. However, gmes only partially depended on leaf structure, and was also under physiological control. Resprouts also showed lower non-stomatal limitations (around 50% higher carboxylation velocity (Vc,max) and capacity for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration (Jmax)). A significant contribution of gmes to leaf carbon isotope discrimination values was observed. • gmes exhibits a dominant role in photosynthesis limitation in Q. ilex and is regulated by factors other than morphology. During resprouting after disturbances, greater capacity to withstand drought, as evidenced by higher gmes , gs and lower non-stomatal limitants, enables increased photosynthesis and rapid growth. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179183 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179164 Probiotic microorganisms: 100 years of innovation and efficacy. Modes of action Vilà i Miquel, Borja; Esteve Garcia, Enric; Brufau de Barberà, Joaquim AbstractArticle StructureFigures and TablesReferences Benefits from probiotic micro-organisms have been recognised for over 100 years, and as being useful in poultry for 50 years. Fuller (1989) redefined probiotics as ‘a live microbial feed supplement which beneficially affects the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance’. Benefits derived from this improved intestinal microbial balance could be reflected in performance or prevention of pathogen colonisation. Probiotic micro-organisms use in poultry production has been widely accepted and new opportunities arose from the 2006 EU ban on antimicrobial growth promoters. The majority of microbial products for compound feeds are made up from a relatively small number of micro-organisms that are normally present in the GI tract. They include non-sporulated bacteria, sporulated bacteria, fungi or yeasts; and presented from single to multi-strain products. A review on the proposed modes of action is presented including recent approaches to quorum sensing interference Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179164 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179162 Strategies of use of a specific immunoglobulin-rich egg yolk powder in weaning piglets Vilà i Miquel, Borja; Peris, S.; Calafat, F.; Fontgibell i Seritjol, Anna; Esteve Garcia, Enric; Brufau de Barberà, Joaquim Two experiments were performed to determine the best strategy of use of the product TRACTcare® 4P (ITPSA) (TC, specific immunoglobulin-rich egg yolk powder within an energetic fatty acid matrix) in piglets from weaning and for 6 weeks, in diets without or with inclusion of antibiotics. Each trial was performed with 144 piglets in 24 pens, in a completely randomized design blocked by initial body weight. Feeds were formulated according to animal requirements in two periods. In the first trial no antibiotics were included in the feeds and no room disinfection from previous trial was performed; treatments were: 1) Negative control (NC); 2) NC+TC on top of the feed within the hopper for the first 3 days on trial (30 g/pig×day), and eventually if diarrhea appeared (TCOT); 3) NC+TC ad libitum provided in an extra hopper within the pen (TCAL); and 4) NC+TC at 5 g/kg added to the feed in the mixer (TC5). In the second trial, treatments were: 1) Positive control: basal diet that included 250 mg/kg amoxiciline (BD)+100 mg/kg colistine (AC); 2) BD+2 g/kg TC (TC2A); 3) BD+5 g/kg TC (TC5A); and 4) BD+8 g/kg TC (TC8A). In diets without antibiotics, the product TC at 5 g/kg in the feed numerically improved BW by 8% compared to Control animals, while G:F was almost identical between both groups. When antibiotics were used in the feed, replacement of colistin at 100 mg/kg for TC at 2 g/kg in feed numerically improved the performance compared to Positive control animals (for the whole trial period ADG 8% better: 390 g vs. 361 g; G:F 1% better: 0.748 kg/kg vs. 0.742 kg/kg), possibly due to the stimulation of feed consumption at weaning. In both trials, the lower number of dead and culled animals from TC5 and TC2A together with higher BW represented an advantage over Control treatments of 6% to 10% animals more and 15% to 17% total BW more at the end of the trial. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179162 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179160 Application of ZnO-Functionalised-Sepiolite in weaning piglet diets Vilà i Miquel, Borja; Escribano, F.; Esteban, A.; Fontgibell Seritjol, Anna; Esteve Garcia, Enric; Brufau de Barberà, Joaquim The objective was to evaluate the effect of ZnO-Functionalised-Sepiolite (ZnO-Sepiolite) to fulfil Zn requirements and health status of weaning piglets. Pre-starter Basal Diet (BD, corn– soybean based, from weaning till 14 days on trial) was calculated to provide 27 mg Zn/kg feed from raw materials and had no added ZnO and no antibiotics or organic acids. Treatments during pre-starter period were: 1) BD+90% of NRC Zn requirements completed with ZnO (ZnO90); 2) BD+90% of NRC Zn requirements completed with ZnO-Sepiolite (ZnOS90); 3) BD+3000 mg ZnO/kg of diet (ZnO3000); 4) BD+150 mg added Zn/kg diet from ZnO-Sepiolite (ZnOS150). The starter feed (corn–soybean based, from 14 till 31 days on trial) was common for all piglets, and met 90% NRC Zn requirements by adding ZnO. Diarrhea affected more than 50% of the animals of ZnO90, ZnOS90 and ZnOS150, and 33% of the ZnO3000 animals. Animals from ZnOS90 tended (Pb0.10) to improve Gain to Feed ratio (G:F) compared to animals from ZnO90 (0.830 kg/kg vs. 0.811 kg/kg for G:F). Performance of animals from ZnO3000 was not significantly different from the other treatments, and was numerically similar to animals from ZnOS90. The inclusion of ZnO at 3000 mg/kg of feed in the pre-starter period numerically decreased P in serum at the end of this period, with no effect on Ca level; normal levels were restored after 2 weeks of feeding the same levels of Zn than other animals. Animals fed ZnOSepiolite diets had numerically higher serum Ca than ZnO90 and ZnO3000 at 12 days and higher than ZnO90 at 28 days. Serum Zn levels were significantly higher for ZnO3000 than the other treatments. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179160 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179157 Full informatiu. Pla per la millora de la fertilització agrària. Comarques gironines. Octubre de 2010. Núm. 4. Cultius extensius IRTA. Mas Badia La fertilització dels cultius es basa en aportar al sòl els nutrients (dosi i moment adequat) que permetin obtenir la màxima producció, minimitzant les afeccions al medi i complint la legislació vigent. En cultius extensius es poden aportar nutrients en fons (pre-sembra) i/o cobertora ( cultiu en creixement). En cobertora, l’eficiència és major en estar proper el moment de màximes necessitats. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179157 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179151 Clons de cirerer per a l’obtenció de fusta. Exemple d’una plantació en terrenys agraris Vilanova Subirats, Antoni; Aletà Soler, Neus El cirerer (Prunus avium L.) és una espècie ben coneguda per la seva producció fruitera i pel valor de la seva fusta. Per al primer objectiu, l’obtenció de cirera, la selecció genètica de varietats ha estat des de l’antiguitat ben activa i aquesta producció s’ha localitzat sempre dins d’un context agrícola, sobre terres agràries. En canvi, per a l’obtenció de fusta s’ha recorregut tradicionalment als ambients forestals amb l’extracció d’arbres no sotmesos ni a selecció ni a una silvicultura específiques, derivant actualment en una escassetat de peus amb bones característiques fustaneres. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179151 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179148 Relación entre los hongos de la semilla de arroz y el establecimiento de planta Català, Mar; Tomás, Núria; Marín, Juan Pedro; Almacellas, Jaume; Reigada, Susanna; Martínez Eixarch, Maite; Torró, Isabel; Pla Mayor, Eva En los últimos años la dosis de semilla de arroz utilizada en el delta del Ebro ha ido aumentando de forma continuada; pero lo más significativo es que alrededor del 75% de las semillas sembradas no llegan a planta adulta. Existen varios factores que afectan al establecimiento del cultivo del arroz, entre ellos la presencia de hongos fitopatógenos en la semilla. Trabajos previos demostraron que el tratamiento fungicida de la semilla de arroz es necesario solamente cuando el nivel de patógenos es muy elevado. El presente trabajo se centra en el estudio del efecto de la presencia de hongos en la semilla de arroz sobre el desarrollo de las plantas en campo durante la fase de nascencia y establecimiento del cultivo. Los resultados han indicado que, antes de la siembra la presencia de hongos en la semilla tratada ha sido muy baja e inferior al de la semilla no tratada, sin embargo, a los pocos días después de la siembra el nivel de hongos en los dos tipos de semillas (tratada y no tratada) ha sido el mismo. Por lo tanto, según las condiciones del ensayo, la presencia de hongos en la semilla antes de la siembra no ha afectado al establecimiento de las plantas durante la fase de nascencia. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179148 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179128 Effect of vaccination against gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, using Improvac®, on growth performance, body composition, behaviour and acute phase proteins Fàbrega Romans, Emma; Velarde Calvo, Antonio; Cros Jordana, J.; Gispert Martinell, Marina; Suárez, P. ; Tibau i Font, Joan ; Soler Soler, Joaquim The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vaccination against GnRH on performance traits, pig behaviour and acute phase proteins. A total of 120 pigs (36 non-castrated males, NCM; 36 males to be vaccinated, IM; 24 castratedmales, CM; and 24 females, FE)were controlled in groups of 12 in pens with feeding stations allowing the recording of individual feed intake. The two vaccinations (Improvac®) were applied at a mean age of 77 and 146 days. All pigswere individually weighed every 3 weeks from the mean ages of 74 to 176 days and backfat thickness (BT) and loinmuscle depth (LD) were also recorded ultrasonically. Twelve group-housed pigs for each treatment were video recorded during 2 consecutive days at weeks 9, 11, 20, 21, 23 and 25 of age to score the number of inactive or active pigs in each treatment group by scan sampling. Aggressive behaviour by the feeder and away from the feeder, and mounting behaviour was also scored by focal sampling. Blood samples from 12 NCM, 12 CM and 12 IM were taken to determine the concentration of circulating acute phase protein Pig-MAP atweeks 1, 2, 4, 11, 13, 21 and 25 of age. After slaughter, the number of skin lesions on the left half carcasswas scored. IMpresented overall a higher growth rate and daily feed intake compared to NCM (Pb0.05),whereas their feed conversion ratios did not differ significantly. In comparison with CM, IM presented a better feed conversion ratio (Pb0.05), since their overall dailyweight gaindid not differ significantly, butIM ate less. Final leanmeat percentage of IM and CM was lower compared to that of NCM (Pb0.05). Activity, mounting and aggressive behaviour of NCM was higher than in IM, CM and FE after the second vaccination. Pig-MAP concentrationswere significantly elevated just after surgical castrationand after bothadministrations of the vaccine (Pb0.05), but concentrations subsequently decreased throughout time. Skin lesions of NCM were significantly higher compared to that of IM and FE (Pb0.05). The effects of vaccination were especially remarkable after the second dose, when the higher feed intake and lower activity of IM compared to NCMmight result in higher final body weight and more fat. Results from this study indicate that some welfare aspects such as a reduced aggression and mounting behaviour may be improved by vaccination against GnRH, together with productive benefits like adequate feed conversion ratio and daily weight gain. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/179128 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z