http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/14632 2012-02-11T12:01:41Z http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/171739 Fluvial biofilms: a pertinent tool to assess β-blockers toxicity Bonnineau, Chloé; Guasch i Padró, Helena; Proia, Lorenzo; Ricart, Marta; Geiszinger, Anita; Romaní i Cornet, Anna M.; Sabater, Sergi Among increasingly used pharmaceutical products, β-blockers have been commonly reported at low concentrations in rivers and littoral waters of Europe and North America. Little is known about the toxicity of these chemicals in freshwater ecosystems while their presence may lead to chronic pollution. Hence, in this study the acute toxicity of 3 β-blockers: metoprolol, propranolol and atenolol on fluvial biofilms was assessed by using several biomarkers. Some were indicative of potential alterations in biofilm algae (photosynthetic efficiency), and others in biofilm bacteria (peptidase activity, bacterial mortality). Propranolol was the most toxic β-blocker, mostly affecting the algal photosynthetic process. The exposure to 531 μg/L of propranolol caused 85% of inhibition of photosynthesis after 24 h. Metoprolol was particularly toxic for bacteria. Though estimated No-Effect Concentrations (NEC) were similar to environmental concentrations, higher concentrations of the toxic (503 μg/L metoprolol) caused an increase of 50% in bacterial mortality. Atenolol was the least toxic of the three tested β-blockers. Effects superior to 50% were only observed at very high concentration (707 mg/L). Higher toxicity of metoprolol and propranolol might be due to better absorption within biofilms of these two chemicals. Since β-blockers are mainly found in mixtures in rivers, their differential toxicity could have potential relevant consequences on the interactions between algae and bacteria within river biofilms http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/171738 Catalase in fluvial biofilms: a comparison between different extraction methods and example of application in a metal-polluted river Bonnineau, Chloé; Bonet, Berta; Corcoll, Natàlia; Guasch i Padró, Helena Antioxidant enzymes are involved in important processes of cell detoxification during oxidative stress and have, therefore, been used as biomarkers in algae. Nevertheless, their limited use in fluvial biofilms may be due to the complexity of such communities. Here, a comparison between different extraction methods was performed to obtain a reliable method for catalase extraction from fluvial biofilms. Homogenization followed by glass bead disruption appeared to be the best compromise for catalase extraction. This method was then applied to a field study in a metal-polluted stream (Riou Mort, France). The most polluted sites were characterized by a catalase activity 4–6 times lower than in the low-polluted site. Results of the comparison process and its application are promising for the use of catalase activity as an early warning biomarker of toxicity using biofilms in the laboratory and in the field http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/171631 Effect of supplementation with MgCO3 and L-tryptophan on the welfare and on the carcass and meat quality of two halothane pig genotypes (NN and nn) Panella-Riera, Núria; Dalmau, A.,; Fàbrega, E.; Font i Furnols, M.; Gispert, M.; Tibau, J.; Soler, J.; Velarde, Antonio; Oliver Pratsevall, M. Àngels; Gil Farré, Marta Sixty-one animals with different Halothane genes (homozygous halothane positive, n=34; and homozygous halothane negative, n=27) were fed with three diets (controlgroup, with no supplement; magnesium (Mg) group with 1.28g MgCO3/kg and tryptophan (Trp) group with 5g L-Trp/kg) during the last 5 days before slaughter. Animals were submitted to minimal stress ante mortem conditions. Pig behaviour was recorded at the experimental farm, raceway to the CO2 stunning system and during the stunning period. Corneal reflexes were recorded after stunning as well. There were no differences in feed intake among diets (p>0.05) during the 5 days of treatment. Thehalothane positive (nn) group had lower intake than the halothane negative (NN) group(p<0.01). The behaviour of the pigs in the raceway did not differ (p>0.05) among treatments or halothane genotype. A significant (p<0.001) interaction diet*halothane was found in the time to appear the first retreat attempt during the exposure to the CO2 system. In the nn group, the time of performing the first retreat attempt was later in the Mg (p<0.05) than the Control group. Moreover, in the Mg group, the nn had a later (p<0.05) first retreat attempt than the NN. Thus, Mg supplementation could have a positive effect on welfare of nn pigs. The nn had a lower proportion of animals thatshowed corneal reflexes after stunning than NN, indicating a higher effectiveness of thestunning method in nn pigs. Neither Mg nor Trp affected carcass quality and meat quality parameters, although significant differences were found between genotypes http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/171630 Effect of magnesium sulphate and L-tryptophan and genotype on the feed intake, behaviour and meat quality of pigs Panella-Riera, Núria; Velarde, Antonio; Dalmau, A.; Fàbrega, E.; Font i Furnols, M.; Gispert, M.; Soler, J.M; Tibau, J.; Oliver Pratsevall, M. Àngels; Gil Farré, Marta Sixty-nine entire male pigs with different halothane genotype (homozygous halothanepositive – nn-, n=36; and homozygous halothane negative – NN-, n=33) were fed with a supplementation of magnesium sulphate (Mg) and/or L-tryptophan (Trp) in the diet for 5days before slaughter. Animals were housed individually and were submitted to stressful ante mortem conditions (mixed in the lorry according to treatments and transported 1h on rough roads). Individual feed intake was recorded during the 5-day treatment. At the abattoir, pig behaviour was assessed in the raceway to the stunning system and during the stunning period by exposure to CO2. Muscle pH, colour, water holding capacity, texture and cathepsin activities were determined to assess meat quality. The number of pigs with an individual feed intake lower than 2kg/day was significantly different among diets (P<0.05; Control: 8.7%; Mg&Trp: 43.5%; Trp:17.4%) and they were considered to have inadequate supplement intake. During the antemortem period, 15.2% of pigs included in the experiment died, and this percentagedecreased to 8.7% in those pigs with a feed intake > 2kg/day, all of them from thestress-sensitive pigs (nn). In general, no differences were observed in the behaviour ofpigs along the corridor leading to the stunning system and inside the CO2 stunningsystem. During the stunning procedure, Trp diet showed shorter periods of muscularexcitation than control and Mg&Trp diets. The combination of a stressful ante mortemtreatment and Mg&Trp supplementation led to carcasses with high incidence of severeskin lesions. Different meat quality results were found when considering all pigs orconsidering only those with adequate supplement intake. In this later case, Trp increased pH45 (6.15) vs Control diet (5.96) in the Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle (P<0.05) and pH at 24h (Trp: 5.59 vs C: 5.47) led to a higher incidence of dark, firm and dry (DFD) traits in SM muscle (P<0.05). Genotype affected negatively all the meat quality traits. Seventy-five percent of LT and 60.0% of the SM muscles from nn pigs wereclassified as pale, soft and exudative (PSE), while none of the NN pigs showed these traits (P<0.0001). No significant differences were found between genotypes on the incidence of DFD meat. Due to the negative effects observed in the Mg&Trp group in feed intake and carcass quality, the utilization of a mixture of magnesium sulphate and tryptophan is not recommended http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/171416 The effect of postfire salvage logging on bird communities in Mediterranean pine forests: the benefits for declining species Rost Bagudanch, Josep; Clavero, Miguel; Bas Lay, Josep M.; Pons Ferran, Pere Salvage logging is a common practice carried out in burned forests worldwide, and intended to mitigate the economic losses caused by wildfires. Logging implies an additional disturbance occurring shortly after fire, although its ecological effects can be somewhat mitigated by leaving wood debris on site. The composition of the bird community and its capacity to provide ecosystem services such as seed dispersal offleshy-fruited plants have been shown to be affected by postfire logging. We assessedthe effects of the habitat structure resulting from different postfire management practices on the bird community, in three burned pine forests in Catalonia (western Mediterranean). For this purpose, we focused on the group of species that is responsible for seed dispersal, a process which takes place primarily during the winter in theMediterranean basin. In addition, we assessed microhabitat selection by seed disperser birds in such environments in relation to management practices. Our results showed a significant, positive relationship between the density of wood debris piles and the abundance of seed disperser birds. Furthermore, such piles were the preferredmicrohabitat of these species. This reveals an important effect of forest management on seed disperser birds, which is likely to affect the dynamics of bird-dependent seed dispersal. Thus, building wood debris piles can be a useful practice for the conservation of both the species and their ecosystem services, while also being compatible with timber harvesting http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/171299 La importància del pati escolar: com els patis escolars poden contribuir a l’educació ambiental Heras Colàs, Raquel Article que reflexiona sobre la importància del pati escolar, i com aquests poden contribuir a l’educació ambiental dels infants http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/171260 PhD Students’ Research Group Social Capital in Two Countries: A Clustering Approach with Duocentred Network Measures Coromina Soler, Lluís; Coenders, Germà; Ferligoj, Anuska; Guia Julve, Jaume Oscar The article examines the structure of the collaboration networks of research groups where Slovenian and Spanish PhD students are pursuing their doctorate. The units of analysis are student-supervisor dyads. We use duocentred networks, a novel network structure appropriate for networks which are centred around a dyad. A cluster analysis reveals three typical clusters of research groups. Those which are large and belong to several institutions are labelled under a bridging social capital label. Those which are small, centred in a single institution but have high cohesion are labelled as bonding social capital. Those which are small and with low cohesion are called weak social capital groups. Academic performance of both PhD students and supervisors are highest in bridging groups and lowest in weak groups. Other variables are also found to differ according to the type of research group. At the end, some recommendations regarding academic and research policy are drawn http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/171259 PhD Students’ Research Group Networks: a Qualitative Approach Coromina Soler, Lluís; Capó, Aina Maria; Coenders, Germà; Guia Julve, Jaume Oscar This article examines the networks within the research groups where Spanish PhD students are pursuing their doctorate. Capó et al. (2007) used quantitative data to predict PhD students’ publishing performance from their background, attitudes, supervisors’ performance and research group networks. Variables related to the research group network had a negligible explanatory power on student performance once the remaining variables had been accounted for. In this article, a qualitative follow up of the same students is carried out using extreme case sampling and indepth interviews. The qualitative research shows networking as important for students. Out of the 115 aspects that students mention in the interviews as relevant to publishing in the qualitative research, 92 have to do with their supervisors, their research group or their network as a whole. Similarly, out of the 50 hindrances mentioned, 20 have to do with the networks or relations. The most commonly mentioned network-related topics are research group members pushing PhD students to publish, meeting researchers outside the research group, existence of other PhD students in the group, help with the PhD from group members, supervisor’s interest in the thesis, the possibility of discussing with experts on the PhD’s topic and frequent contact with the supervisor and research group members. Some of these characteristics were not, however, measured in the conventional quantitative social network survey http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/171258 Cuidar: una manera de vivir : experiencia coeducativa de centro Abril, Paco; Blasi Sanquirgo, M. Rosa; Romero Díaz, Alfonso Este artículo describe y analiza la experiencia del proyecto de coeducación del CEIP Agora que se ha desarrollado a lo largo de tres años y que sigue vivo y con buena salud. Este proyecto se caracteriza por implicar a toda la comunidad educativa del centro, por su transversalidad y por potenciar el cuidado como elemento clave de la coeducación, a través de lanterrelación del alumnado de ciclos diferentes. http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/171083 Temperamental Dimension and Anxiety Problems in a Clinical Sample of Three- to Six-year old Children: A Study of Variables Laredo García, Andrés; Domènech, Edelmira; Jané i Ballabriga, M. del Claustre; Viñas i Poch, Ferran; Mitjavila i Garcia, Mercè; Pla i Colomer, Ester; Pi, Maite; Ruiz, Gloria In the last few years, many researchers have studied the presence of common dimensions of temperament in subjects with symptoms of anxiety. The aim of this study is to examine the association between temperamental dimensions (high negative affect and activity level) and anxiety problems in clinicalpreschool children. A total of 38 children, ages 3 to 6 years, from the Infant and Adolescent Mental Health Center of Girona and the Center of Diagnosis and Early Attention of Sabadell and Olot were evaluated by parents and psychologists. Their parents completed several screening scales and, subsequently, clinical child psychopathology professionals carried out diagnostic interviews with children from the sample who presented signs of anxiety. Findings showed that children with high levels of negative affect and low activity level have pronounced symptoms of anxiety. However, children with anxiety disorders do not present different temperament styles from their peers without these pathologies; En los últimos años, diversos investigadores han estudiado la presencia de dimensiones temperamentales comunes en sujetos con sintomatología ansiosa. El objetivo del presente estudio es examinar la asociación entre dimensiones temperamentales (afecto negativo y nivel de actividad) y problemas de ansiedad enniños clínicos preescolares. Un total de 38 niños de 3 a 6 años de edad, pertenecientes al Centro deSalud Mental Infanto-Juvenil de Girona y al Centro de Diagnóstico y Atención Precoz de Sabadell y Olot, fueron evaluados por sus padres y por psicólogos. Los padres contestaron a diversas escalas de cribaje y, posteriormente, diversos profesionales en psicopatología clínica infantil realizaron entrevistas diagnósticas a los niños de la muestra que presentaban indicios de ansiedad. Los hallazgos obtenidos muestran que los niños con elevados niveles de afecto negativo y bajos niveles de actividad presentan elevada sintomatología ansiosa. Sin embargo, los niños con trastornos de ansiedad no presentan un estilotemperamental distinto al de los niños sin estas patologías http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/171082 Psychological and Family Factors Associated with Suicidal Ideation in Pre-Adolescents Viñas i Poch, Ferran; Canals, Josepa; Gras Pérez, María Eugenia; Ros, Claudia; Domènech, Edelmira To assess the psychological and family factors associated with suicidal ideation in preadolescent children, we studied a sample of 361 students, average age 9 years old. Twogroups were formed, on the basis of the presence (n = 34) or absence (n = 44) of suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was assessed with the Children’s Depression Inventory and the Children’s Depression Rating Scale-Revised. Depression, hopelessness, self-esteem, and perceived family environment were compared in both the suicidal ideation and the control groups. Students with suicidal ideation generally presented greater depressive symptoms and hopelessness, and lower self-esteem and family expressiveness, although there weredifferences both between sexes, and when the variable depression was controlled. Identifying these risk factors in pre-adolescents may have an impact on prevention of suicidal behavior at higher risk ages; Con el objetivo de evaluar factores psicológicos y familiares asociados a la ideación suicida en niños prepúberes, se ha utilizado una muestra de 361 escolares con una edad media de 9 años, a partir de la cual se han constituido 2 grupos en función de la presencia (n = 34) o ausencia de ideación suicida (n = 44). La ideación suicida se ha evaluado con el Children’s Depression Inventory y la Children’s Depression Rating Scale Revised.La depresión, la desesperanza, la autoestima y la percepción del clima familiar se han comparado en el grupo con ideación suicida y el grupo control. Los alumnos con ideación suicida presentan en general mayor sintomatología depresiva, mayor desesperanza y menor autoestima y expresividad familiar, aunque existen diferencias según sexo ydepresión. La identificación de estos factores de riesgo en prepúberes puede ser importante en la prevención de la conducta suicida en edades de mayor vulnerabilidad http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/171081 Acerca de las relaciones entre escuela e inmigración Vila, Ignasi The article reviews some aspects of the relationship between school education andimmigration. First, we offer a descriptive analysis of the characteristics of immigration inits relation to the information society and its educational consequences. We then reviewprevious work on foreign children and adolescents’ academic achievement, placing specialemphasis on the linguistic factor as an explanatory source for this achievement. We alsopresent some research which aims at unveiling the factors which influence foreign students’learning of the school language. Finally, we offer several criteria to successfully face therelationship between schooling and immigration; El artículo repasa algunos aspectos sobre la relación entre educación escolar e inmigración. Así, al inicio se analizande manera descriptiva las características de la inmigración ligada a la sociedad de la información y sus repercusiones educativas. Igualmente, se repasan algunos trabajos sobreel rendimiento académico de la infancia y la adolescencia extranjera, y se enfatiza el factor lingüístico como una de lasfuentes explicativas de dicho rendimiento. En este sentido, se muestran varias investigaciones dedicadas a conocerlos factores que inciden en el aprendizaje por el alumnado extranjero de la lengua de la escuela y, finalmente, se ofrecen varios criterios para encarar con éxito la relación entre escolarización e inmigración http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/171080 Diversidad, escuela e inmigración Vila, Ignasi La escolarización de los niños que proceden de la inmigración, especialmente la extracomunitaria, comporta dificultades que, aunque a veces se niegan, son evidentes para cualquier persona que trabaja en el mundo de la educación. Así, la creciente diversidad étnica y lingüística, y otros fenómenos, como la incorporación tardía, es vista por bastantes profesoras y profesores como una "carga" suplementarias en su quehacer educativo diario. De hecho, en la concepción clásica del trabajo escolar, la consideración de un aumento de las dificultades cuando aumenta la diversidad siempre ha estado presente y, nos guste o no, nuestro sistema educativo, como la mayoría de sistemas educativos, sigue siendo bastante clásico. Sin embargo, es de justicia señalar que las modificaciones , incluidas las innovaciones, que los sistemas educativos han sufrido en el tiempo han ido de la mano de adaptarlos a la creciente diversidad social que se iba incorporando. En los últimos años, está afirmación debe relativizarse, al menos en el sentido que toma en el texto. Así, en muchos países occidentales, las actuales reformas educativas buscan su adaptabilidad sobre la base de la segregación http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/171079 Acerca de la unidad de análisis en psicologia del desarrollo Vila, Ignasi; Bassedas, Mercè La propuesta de Vygotski de sustituir la unidad de análisis de naturaleza diádica propuesta por Piaget por una unidad de análisis de naturaleza triádica en la que ('alguien' organiza socialmente la actividaddel sujeto con el objeto de conocimiento ha llevado a diversos autores a formular como unidad de análisis ((la actividad semióticamente mediada)). En este articulo discutimos, a partir de la noción de contexto y mediante un ejemplo, la validez de dicha unidad. El ejemplo forma parte de un conjunto de observaciones de un niño de 4 años con su madre en situaciones naturales y en el contexto familiar. En las conclusiones mostramos la adecuación de las propuestas de Vygotski sobre la naturaleza social de la mente humana http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/171078 Propuestas multisensoriales, multiculturales e interdisciplinares: puntos de partida para la educación estética Calbó, Muntsa Este texto quiere servir de inspiración o ser suficientemente atractivo como para que más maestros tengan ganas de descubrir las posibilidades de los procesos educativos multiculturales y artísticos/estéticos, en y con sus propios alumnos http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/171041 Using problem-based learning for introducing producer theory and market structure in intermediate microeconomics Rigall i Torrent, Ricard This paper shows how instructors can use the problem‐based learning method to introduce producer theory and market structure in intermediate microeconomics courses. The paper proposes a framework where different decision problems are presented to students, who are asked to imagine that they are the managers of a firm who need to solve a problem in a particular business setting. In this setting, the instructors’ role isto provide both guidance to facilitate student learning and content knowledge on a just‐in‐time basis http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/170945 Institut de Llengua i Cultura Catalanes: 25 anys de recerca en filologia catalana Valsalobre, Pep Article sobre l'Institut de llengua i Cultura Catalanes (ILCC) que parla sobre el per què de la creació d'un centre de recerca en filologia catalana, sobre les característiques i recursos, l' activitat investigadora del centre, la tasca docent de l'ILCC, les activitats de tranferència i les publicacions de l' ILCC amb motiu dels 25 anys d' existència de l' ILCC http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/170944 Measurement Quality in Indicators of Compositions : a Compositional Multitrait-Multimethod Approach Coenders, Germà; Hlebec, Valentina; Kogovsek, Tina Compositional data, also called multiplicative ipsative data, are common in survey research instruments in areas such as time use, budget expenditure and social networks. Compositional data are usually expressed as proportions of a total, whose sum can only be 1. Owing to their constrained nature, statistical analysis in general, and estimation of measurement quality witha confirmatory factor analysis model for multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) designs in particular are challenging tasks. Compositional data are highly non-normal, as they range within the 0-1 interval. One component can only increase if some other(s) decrease, which results in spuriousnegative correlations among components which cannot be accounted for by the MTMM modelparameters. In this article we show how researchers can use the correlated uniqueness model for MTMM designs in order to evaluate measurement quality of compositional indicators. We suggest using the additive log ratio transformation of the data, discuss several approaches to deal with zero components and explain how the interpretation of MTMM designs di ers from the applicationto standard unconstrained data. We show an illustration of the method on data of social network composition expressed in percentages of partner, family, friends and other members in which we conclude that the faceto-face collection mode is generally superior to the telephone mode, although primacy e ectsare higher in the face-to-face mode. Compositions of strong ties (such as partner) are measured with higher quality than those of weaker ties (such as other network members) http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/170943 Irrigation performance and gross water productivity in furrow-irrigated ornamental tree production Arbat Pujolràs, Gerard; Puig Bargués, Jaume; Duran i Ros, Miquel; Barragán, J.; Ramírez de Cartagena Bisbe, Francesc In the ornamental plant production region of Girona (Spain), which is one of the largest of its kind in southern Europe, most of the surface is irrigated using wide blocked-end furrows. The objectives of this paper were: (1) to evaluate the irrigation scheduling methods used by ornamental plant producers; (2) to analyse different scenarios inorder to assess how they affect irrigation performance; (3) to evaluate the risk of deep percolation; and (4) to calculategross water productivity. A two-year study in a representative commercial field, planted with Prunus cerasifera ‘Nigra’, was carried out. The irrigation dose applied by the farmers was slightly smaller than the required water dose estimated by the use of two different methods: the first based on soil water content, and the second based on evapotranspiration. Distribution uniformity and application efficiency were high, with mean values above 87%. Soil water contentmeasurements revealed that even at the end of the furrow, where the infiltrated water depth was greatest, more than 90% of the infiltrated water was retained in the shallowest 40 cm of the soil; accordingly, the risk of water loss due to deep percolation was minimal. Gross water productivity for ornamental tree production was € 11.70 m–3, approximately 20 times higher than that obtained with maize in the same region; En la zona de producción de planta ornamental de Girona (España), que es una de las mayores del sur de Europa,la mayor parte de la superficie es regada por surcos. Los objetivos del presente artículo son: (1) evaluar la programación de riegos que realizan los productores de planta ornamental; (2) analizar diferentes escenarios para ver como afectan la calidad del riego; (3) evaluar el riesgo de percolación profunda; (4) calcular la productividad bruta del agua. Se realizó un estudio de dos años en un campo comercial de Prunus cerasifera ‘Nigra’. La dosis de agua aplicada por los agricultores fue ligeramente inferior a la dosis de riego requerida estimada por dos métodos distintos: el primerobasado en el contenido de agua en el suelo y el segundo en la evapotranspiración. La uniformidad de distribución y eficiencia de aplicación fueron altos, con valores medios por encima del 87%. Las medidas de contenido de agua en el suelo revelaron que al final del surco, donde la lámina de agua infiltrada fue mayor, más del 90% del agua infiltrada se retuvo en los primeros 40 cm del suelo; en consecuencia, el riesgo de pérdidas de aguas debido a la percolación profunda fue mínimo. La productividad bruta del agua en la producción de árboles ornamentales fue de 11,70 € m–3, aproximadamente 20 veces mayor que la obtenida en maíz en la misma región http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/170824 La relación entre el aprendizaje léxico y el desarrollo gramatical Serrat Sellabona, Elisabet; Sanz Torrent, Mònica; Badia, Iris; Aguilar, Eva; Olmo, Raquel; Lara, Fernanda; Andreu Barrachina, Llorenç; Serra, Miquel El presente trabajo se centra en estudiar la relación que existe entre el desarrollo de léxico y el de la morfosintaxis. Concretamente pretendemos explorar el tipo de vocabulario que mejor predice el desarrollo de la morfología verbal y el de la complejidad gramatical, así como establecer el tipo de relación entre desarrollo léxico y desarrollo morfosintáctico. La muestra comprende 517 niños de edades comprendidas entre los 18 meses y los 30 meses. Los datos se han recogido a partir de la adaptación al catalán del instrumento MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI). Los resultados muestran que el mejor predictor del desarrollo morfológico y gramatical es el vocabulario de clase cerrada, conjuntamente con el vocabulario general. Por otra parte, se observa una relación predominantemente lineal entre el desarrollo del léxico y el desarrollo morfosintáctico; The present study focuses on the relationship between lexical and morphosyntactic development. Specifically, we intendto explore which kind of vocabulary best predicts the development of verbal morphology and grammatical complexity, andto analyse the relationship between lexical and morphosyntactic development. The sample was composed of 517 childrenaged from 18 months to 30 months. The data were collected by means of the Catalan adaptation of MacArthur-BatesCommunicative Development Inventories (CDI). The results show that the best predictor of morphological andgrammatical development is closed class vocabulary, together with general vocabulary. On the other hand, apredominantly linear relationship between lexical development and morphosyntactic development is observed http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/170823 Argument omissions in preschool Catalan and Spanish speaking children with SLI Sanz Torrent, Mònica; Andreu Barrachina, Llorenç; Badia, Iris; Sidera Caballero, Francesc El presente artículo describe tres estudios sobre la producción del verbo y la estructura argumental en niños con Trastorno Específico del Lenguaje (TEL) usando diferentes metodologías. El primero es un estudio observacional que usa una muestra de habla espontánea. El segundo usa una tarea experimental de denominación de oraciones como resultado de la observación de videos de acciones. El tercero comprende la tarea de denominación de oraciones con imágenes estáticas en eventos con diferente complejidad argumental. Aunque los datos concretos varían en función de la metodología usada, hay una clara evidencia de que los niños de habla catalana y española con TEL presentan especiales dificultades en la producción de verbos con una alta complejidad en relación a la estructura argumental y cometen errores en la especificación de los argumentos obligatorios. Se concluye quetanto limitaciones en el procesamiento como déficits en la representación semántica de los verbos pueden estar implicados en estas dificultades; This paper describes three studies on verb production and argument structure in children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) using different methodologies. The first is an observational study which uses a spontaneous-talk longitudinal sample. The second uses an experimental sentence naming task as a result of event video observation. The third comprises an experimental sentence naming task with static images that differ in verb argument complexity. Although the specific data vary according to the methodology used, there is clear evidence that Catalan and Spanish speaking children with SLI have special difficulties in producing verbs with a highly complex argument structure and make errors in the specification of obligatory arguments. It is concluded that both processing limitations and deficits in the semantic representation of verbs may play a role in these difficulties http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/170822 El acogimiento en familia ajena en España: una evaluación de la práctica y sus resultados López López, Mónica; Montserrat Boada, Carme; Valle, Jorge F.del; Bravo, Amaia El acogimiento familiar ha de ser la medida prioritaria para los casos de menores que deben ser separados de su família por motivos de protección. En España es una alternativa que cuenta tan sólo con veinte años de existencia y hasta la fecha no existen prácticamente datos acerca del grado de su implantación y sus características cuando se trata de acogimiento en familia ajena, mientras que son varios los trabajos que han estudiado el acogimiento en familia extensa. Este artículo presenta por primera vez en la literatura científica los datos más relevantes que permiten caracterizar la práctica del acogimiento en familia ajena en España, mediante el estudio de una muestra de seis comunidades autónomas bienrepresentativas, con un total de 357 casos. El artículo presenta los perfiles de los niños, las familias biológicas y acogedoras,el proceso y algunos resultados sobre una submuestra de casos cerrados (n = 179). Se analizarán algunas característicasespecialmente importantes como la larga estancia y la estabilidad de estos acogimientos, que los diferencia de los realizados en otros países; Family foster care must be given priority in out-of-home placement decisions involving minors who need to be separatedfrom their family for their own protection. In Spain, this alternative has only been possible for the past twenty years. Todate there are practically no data available about the extent of its implementation and characteristics in the case of nonrelativefoster care, though there are several research studies about kinship care. The paper discusses the most relevantdata in order to depict –for the first time in scientific literature– the practice of non-relative foster care in Spain. Forthis purpose, we study a sample of 357 cases encompassing six representative Autonomous Communities. We also presentschildren’s profiles, birth and foster families’ characteristics, information about the fostering process and some results basedon a subsample of closed cases (n = 179). Some important features such as the long stay periods and stability ofplacements, which differentiates them from foster care practice in other countries, are also analysed http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/170235 Factors influencing zooplankton size structure at contrasting temperatures in coastal shallow lakes: Implications for effects of climate change Brucet Balmaña, Sandra; Boix Masafret, Dani; Quintana Pou, Xavier; Jensen, Elisabeth; Nathansen, Louise W.; Trochine, Carolina; Meerhoff, Mariana; Gasco, Stéphanie; Jeppesena, Erik We assessed the importance of temperature, salinity, and predation for the size structure of zooplankton and provided insight into the future ecological structure and function of shallow lakes in a warmer climate. Artificial plants were introduced in eight comparable coastal shallow brackish lakes located at two contrasting temperatures: cold-temperate and Mediterranean climate region. Zooplankton, fish, and macroinvertebrates were sampled within the plants and at open-water habitats. The fish communities of these brackish lakes were characterized by small-sized individuals, highly associated with submerged plants. Overall, higher densities of small planktivorous fish were recorded in the Mediterranean compared to the cold-temperate region, likely reflecting temperature-related differences as have been observed in freshwater lakes. Our results suggest that fish predation is the major control of zooplankton size structure in brackish lakes, since fish density was related to a decrease in mean body size and density of zooplankton and this was reflected in a unimodal shaped biomass-sizespectrum with dominance of small sizes and low size diversity. Salinity might play a more indirect role by shaping zooplankton communities toward more salt-tolerant species. In a global-warming perspective, these results suggest that changes in the trophic structure of shallow lakes in temperate regions might be expected as a result of the warmer temperatures and the potentially associated increases in salinity. The decrease in the density of largebodied zooplankton might reduce the grazing on phytoplankton and thus the chances of maintaining the clear water state in these ecosystems http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/170234 Cronologia dels programes femenins a la ràdio catalana d’abans de la Guerra Civil Espinosa Mirabet, Sílvia El propòsit d’aquest article és endreçar la cronologia dels programes femenins que les estacions de ràdio pioneres emetien a Catalunya abans de la Guerra Civil i conèixer-ne els trets diferenciadors que tenien. Tal com ja he posat de manifest en les conclusions de la meva tesi doctoral, i en alguns dels articles que se n’han derivat, els programes femenins que les emissores catalanes varen dur a terme abans de 1939 van ser els primers espais de la radiodifusió espanyola que varen tenir el que ara coneixem com a format. Aquesta manera d’entendre un programa de ràdio, que ja va tenir una locutora a finals dels anys vint, ha permès que ara investiguem, per ordenar-los cronològicament, aquests espais tan vells i tan preuats de la ràdio pionera, i que a més a més puguem revelar quines característiques comunes tenien tots aquests espais femenins, a partir de saber els detalls de tots els que varen coincidir, en el temps, a les ones de Barcelona; The purpose of this article is to outline a chronology of women’s radio programmes broadcasted by pioneering radio stations in Catalonia before the Spanish Civil War. As mentioned in the thesis’ conclusions, and some related articles, the women’s programmes that radio stations produced before 1939 were the first to use what today is termed format. This way of understanding a radio programme, that by the late 1920s had a woman radio presenter, offers us the opportunity, through the chronological ordering of the programmes, to study these valuable and cherished productions and to discover what elements they had in common by examining those which could be heard, all those years ago, on Barcelona’s airwaves http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/170233 ¿Contribuye a la inclusión laboral la formación que recibe el alumnado con discapacidad intelectual en la ESO?: análisis y propuestas Vilà Suñé, Montserrat; Pallisera, Maria; Fullana Noell, Judit Las investigaciones centradas en el análisisde buenas prácticas de inclusión laboral depersonas con discapacidad demuestran laimportancia de la formación previa, y específicamente la recibida en la etapa de secundaria. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los resultados de una investigación sobre las características básicas de la formación laboralque reciben los jóvenes con discapacidadintelectual en la ESO. En el primer apartado se realiza una aproximación al papel de la educación secundaria en el desarrollo del rollaboral desde una óptica inclusiva. A continuación, se presenta la investigación realizada con el objeto de obtener datos sobre la adecuación de la formación socio-laboral que se realiza en la ESO (objetivos, método y resultados). Por último se plantean las orientaciones dirigidas a mejorar las oportunidades futuras de inclusión laboral desde el sistema educativo; Research focused on best practices of workinclusion of people with disabilities shows the importance of training in secondary educationprograms. The objective of this paper is to present the results of a research about the basic characteristics of the training received by students with intellectual disabilities in compulsory secondary programs in our context. Firstly, we analyse what the training received in the regular secondary education in the achievement of an inclusive job. Afterwards, we present the objectives methods and results of the research addressed to obtain information about the work training done in the secondary programs. In the conclusion, we state the main strategies tobe implemented in the educational system in order to improve the future opportunities of work inclusion of young people with intellectualdisabilities http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/170232 Socio-Cultural Transformation and the Promotion of Learning García, Rocío; Mircea, Teodor; Duque Sánchez, Elena The main premise of Vygotsky’s cultural-historical theory is that to promotelearning, and thus development, educators must intervene in, and change, the students’ socio-cultural context. Vygotsky’s theory, however, has been misinterpreted and the opposite approach has been accepted: the teaching is adapted, according to the context. The result is widespread failure in schools. This article reclaims the true transformative meaning of Vygotskian theory and shows how successful schools in several countries implement various actions to transform their social and cultural environment. Data is presented from six casestudies of successful schools conducted in five European countries. The analysis showsthat these actions improve instrumental learning and, consequently, cognitive development. All these efforts focus on teaching methods that aim to increase the amount that students learn; La premisa central de la teoría vygotskiana es que para promover el aprendizaje y, consecuentemente, el desarrollo, es necesario intervenir en el contexto socio-cultural ytransformarlo. Una interpretación errónea de la teoría histórico-cultural de Vygotsky ha llevadoa decir lo contrario y ha abogado por la adaptación de la enseñanza al contexto, aumentandoel fracaso escolar. Este artículo ofrece evidencias del verdadero sentido transformadorde la teoría de Vygotsky y muestra cómo los centros educativos de más éxito a nivel internacional comparten la implementación de actuaciones que transforman el entorno social ycultural. Los datos presentados provienen de seis estudios de casos de centros educativos de éxito realizados en cinco países europeos. Los resultados indican que esas actuaciones fomentanel aprendizaje instrumental y, consecuentemente, un desarrollo cognitivo. En todas esas actuaciones es central una didáctica que se dirige a llevar a todas las y los estudiantes aniveles de conocimiento superior http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/170095 Testing Delivery Systems in Transnational virtual learning: the vocational management training for the european tourism industry (VocMat) case study Guthrie, Cathy; Prats Planagumà, Lluís This article discusses the lessons learned from developing and delivering the Vocational Management Training for the European Tourism Industry (VocMat) online training programme, which was aimed at providing flexible, online distance learning for the European tourism industry. The programme was designed to address managers ‘need for flexible, senior management level training which they could access at a time and place which fitted in with their working and non-work commitments. The authors present two main approaches to using the Virtual Learning Environment, the feedback from the participants, and the implications of online Technology in extending tourism training opportunities http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/170094 A Validated Methodology for Genetic Identification of Tuna Species (Genus Thunnus) Viñas de Puig, Jordi; Tudela, Sergi Tuna species of the genus Thunnus, such as the bluefin tunas, are some of the most important and yet most endangered trade fish in the world. Identification of these species in traded forms, however, may be difficult depending on the presentation of the products, which may hamper conservation efforts on trade control. In this paper, we validated a genetic methodology that can fully distinguish between the eight Thunnus species from any kind of processed tissue.Methodology: After testing several genetic markers, a complete discrimination of the eight tuna species was achieved usingForensically Informative Nucleotide Sequencing based primarily on the sequence variability of the hypervariable geneticmarker mitochondrial DNA control region (mtDNA CR), followed, in some specific cases, by a second validation by a nuclearmarker rDNA first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1). This methodology was able to distinguish all tuna species, includingthose belonging to the subgenus Neothunnus that are very closely related, and in consequence can not be differentiated with other genetic markers of lower variability. This methodology also took into consideration the presence of introgressionthat has been reported in past studies between T. thynnus, T. orientalis and T. alalunga. Finally, we applied the methodologyto cross-check the species identity of 26 processed tuna samples. Conclusions: Using the combination of two genetic markers, one mitochondrial and another nuclear, allows a full discrimination between all eight tuna species. Unexpectedly, the genetic marker traditionally used for DNA barcoding, cytochrome oxidase 1, could not differentiate all species, thus its use as a genetic marker for tuna species identification is questioned http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/170093 Subsurface drip irrigation emitter spacing effects on soil water redistribution, corn yield and water productivity Arbat Pujolràs, Gerard; Lamm, F.R.; Abou Kheira, A.A Emitter spacings of 0.3 to 0.6 m are commonly used for subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) of corn on the deep, silt loam soils of the U.S. Great Plains. Subsurface drip irrigation emitter spacings of 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 m were examined for the resulting differences in soil water redistribution, corn grain yield, yield components, seasonal water use, and water productivity in a 4‐year field study (2005 through 2008) at the Kansas State University Northwest Research‐Extension Center, Colby, Kansas. The results indicate that there is increased preferential water movement along the dripline (parallel) as compared to perpendicular to the dripline and that this phenomenon partially compensates for wider emitter spacings in terms of soil water redistribution. Corn yield and water productivity (WP) were not significantly affected by the emitter spacing with application of a full irrigation regime http://www.recercat.cat:80/handle/2072/170059 Variables que incideixen en el coneixement de català i castellà de l’alumnat estranger a Catalunya: un estudi amb alumnat de sisè de primària Oller Badenas, Judith Amb l'objectiu d’aprofundir les variablesque incideixen en l’adquisició de lallengua de l’escola per part de l’alumnatestranger, es presenten en aquest article les dades d’una recerca elaborada amb els resultats de coneixement de català i castellà de l’alumnat de 57 escoles de Catalunya que escolaritzen alumnat estranger